Table 3.
Study outcomes by intervention.
| Outcome variable | Intervention | Mean ± sd | Difference (95%CI)* | Adjusted Difference (95%CI)** |
| Stool weight (g) | ||||
| Placebo | 876.9 ± 1194.1 | |||
| Zn | 972.3 ± 920.2 | 95.4 (-85.4,276.2) | 21.1 (-40.8,83) | |
| Zn+Cu | 972.3 ± 1210 | 94.5 (-86.7,275.7) | 23.8 (-35.5,83.1) | |
| Duration of diarrhea (hours)a from enrollment | ||||
| Placebo | 62.2 ± 33.5 | |||
| Zn | 64.4 ± 37.8 | 2.2 (-4.1,8.5) | 1.9 (-2.23,2.55) | |
| Zn+Cu | 64.4 ± 35 | 2.2 (-3.8,8.2) | -0.9 (-2.37,2.2) | |
| Amount of ORS used in hospital (ml) | ||||
| Placebo | 1666.5 ± 1372.7 | |||
| Zn | 1837.1 ± 1719.4 | 170.6 (-93.3,434.5) | 42.8 (-45.6,131.2) | |
| Zn+Cu | 1811.9 ± 1499 | 145.4 (-96.7,387.5) | 67.2 (-17.5,152.1) | |
| Amount of IV fluids used in hospital (ml) | ||||
| Placebo | 127.3 ± 412.9 | |||
| Zn | 127.9 ± 358.2 | 0.7 (-65,66.4) | 4.1 (-16,24.1) | |
| Zn+Cu | 131.7 ± 428 | 4.5 (-66.4,73.3) | -1.2 (-20.7,18.3) | |
| 14th day zinc levels (μg/dL) | ||||
| Pl | 76.3 ± 32.9 | |||
| Zn | 76.6 ± 35. | 0.3 (-5.8, 6.4) | -1.1 (-3,0.9) | |
| Zn+Cu | 74.3 ± 40 | -2 (-8.5, 4.6) | -2.3 (-4.1,-0.5) | |
| 14th day copper levels (μg/dL) | ||||
| Pl | 115.2 ± 30.8 | |||
| Zn | 121.2 ± 35. | 6.0 (0.1,11.9) | 1.7 (-0.4,3.7) | |
| Zn+Cu | 124.6 ± 36.8 | 9.4 (3.4,15.5) | 2.4 (0.5,4.3) | |
| Mean absolute difference from baseline in Znc | ||||
| Placebo | 7.2 ± 379.6 | |||
| Zn | 59.2 ± 428.5 | 52 (-20.7,124.7) | 34.8 (-11.7,81.2) | |
| Zn+Cu | 81.8 ± 452.8 | 74.5 (-0.11,149) | 71.4 (30.9,111.9) | |
| Mean absolute difference from baseline in Cud | ||||
| Placebo | -79.4 ± 429.2 | |||
| Zinc | -41.2 ± 418.8 | 38.2 (-37.8,114.3) | 14 (-1.5,9.5) | |
| Zn+Cu | 15.6 ± 439.8 | 95 (39.3,17.7) | 19.6 (3.6,35.6) | |
| N (%) | Odds ratio(95%CI) | Adjusted odds ratio(95%CI) | ||
| Proportion with diarrhea of > 7 days from onsetb | ||||
| Placebo | 13(5.3) | |||
| Zn | 20(8.1) | 1.6 (0.77,3.25) | 1.8 (0.78,3.97) | |
| Zn+Cu | 15(5.8) | 1.11 (0.52,2.38) | 1.18 (0.51,2.73) | |
| N (%) | IRR (95%CI)$ | Adjusted IRR (95%CI) | ||
| Rates of complications in hospital | ||||
| Placebo | 14 (5.2) | |||
| Zn | 10 (3.7) | 0.73 (0.33,1.65) | 0.76 (0.32,1.84)e | |
| Zn+Cu | 8 (2.9) | 0.57 (0.24,1.35) | 0.68 (0.26,1.78) | |
| More than three episodes of some dehydration in hospital | ||||
| Placebo | 6 (2.2) | |||
| Zn | 2 (0.8) | 0.34 (0.07,1.7)e | 0.35 (0.07,1.77) | |
| Zn+Cu | 5 (1.8) | 0.83 (0.25,2.71) | 0.94 (0.27,3.34) | |
| Severe dehydration experience in hospital | ||||
| Placebo | 12 (4.4) | |||
| Zn | 6 (2.3) | 0.51 (0.19,1.37) | 0.55 (0.21,1.49) | |
| Zn+Cu | 8 (2.9) | 0.66 (0.27,1.62) | 0.77 (0.31,1.94) | |
* The difference is as compared with the placebo group.
**Adjusted for following covariates: age, gender, prior duration of diarrhea, weight-for-age Z -score at most -2, dehydration status, receipt of medication, water safety, wealth index, type of stool, baseline serum zinc and serum copper.
$ Incidence rate ratios on Poisson regression. Beneficial effect is < 1.
aCensored duration of diarrhea: 16 in Zinc, 14 in Zinc/Copper treatment,24 in Placebo.
bCensored proportion with diarrhea > 7 days from onset: 16 in Zinc treatment, 14 in Zinc/Copper treatment, 24 in Placebo.
c Censored 14th day serum Zinc: 32 in Zinc treatment, 19 in Zinc/Copper treatment,21 in Placebo.
dCensored 14th day serum copper: 32 in Zinc treatment, 19 in Zinc/Copper treatment,21 in Placebo.