Table 3.
Causes of nocturnal polyuria
| Water diuresis |
| Circadian defect in secretion or action of antiduretic hormone |
| Primary (idiopathic) |
| Secondary (excessive evening intake of fluid, caffeine, alcohol) |
| Solute/water diuresis |
| Congestive heart failure |
| Autonomic dysfunction |
| Sleep apnoea syndrome |
| Renal insufficiency |
| Estrogen deficiency |