Table 3.
Effect of insulin resistance on metabolic responses to glucose- and fructose-sweetened beverages consumed with a meal
| Insulin sensitive
|
Insulin resistant
|
PR | PT×R | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose | Fructose | Glucose | Fructose | |||
| Glucose (mg/dl per 23 h) | 425.2 ± 43.3 | 225.6 ± 34.1 | 438.1 ± 51.7 | 215.3 ± 40.7 | 0.97 | 0.75 |
| Lactate (mmol/liter per 23 h) | 124.1 ± 86.4 | 635.4 ± 90.4 | 95.4 ± 103.3 | 573.4 ± 108.0 | 0.69 | 0.83 |
| Insulin (μU/ml per 23 h) | 706.9 ± 117.2 | 412.9 ± 90.6 | 1546.4 ± 140.0 | 760.4 ± 108.3 | 0.01a | 0.01a |
| Leptin (ng/ml per 24 h) | 131.8 ± 29.5 | 119.3 ± 20.2 | 180.6 ± 35.3 | 91.2 ± 24.1 | 0.77 | 0.03a |
| TG (mg/dl per 23 h) | 73.1 ± 111.2 | 460.2 ± 129.1 | 483.6 ± 132.9 | 879.7 ± 154.3 | 0.03a | 0.95 |
| Free fatty acids (mmol/liter per 23 h) | 415 ± 23.8 | 369.5 ± 20.4 | 405.6 ± 28.7 | 403.4 ± 24.4 | 0.65 | 0.33 |
| Ghrelin (pg/ml per 23 h) | 10,322.2 ± 888.8 | 10,366.9 ± 865.3 | 10,832.4 ± 1062.4 | 10,460.2 ± 960.9 | 0.81 | 0.51 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl per 23 h) | −0.19 ± 2.6 | 0.71 ± 1.7 | 0.02 ± 3.1 | 1.6 ± 2.1 | 0.84 | 0.86 |
AUC calculated above baseline (0800–0900 h) for the 23 h after the three morning baseline samples (glucose, lactate, insulin, TG, uric acid) or including baseline (free fatty acids and ghrelin). Leptin was calculated as the 24-h AUC above morning trough concentrations. Mean ± sem (insulin sensitive: HOMA < 2.5, n = 10; insulin resistant: HOMA > 2.5, n = 7). PR, P value for effect of resistance; PT×R, P value for treatment × insulin resistance interaction.
a
P values are statistically significant.