Table 3.
Determinants of not having compulsory medical insurance, and of having supplementary (private) insurance – results of logistic regression analyses (RLMS: 2004, 18–59)
| Male | Female | |||||
| (i) Age | (ii) Age, inc, educ, area, marital | (iii) = (ii) + employment status | (i) Age | (ii) Age, inc, educ, area, marital | (iii) = (ii) + employment status | |
| NOT HAVING COMPULSORY INSURANCE (vs having insurance) – Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||||
| Sex (female vs male) | - | - | - | 0.49 (0.42–0.58) | 0.46 (0.38–0.56) | 0.47 (0.39–0.57) |
| Age (per year) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) |
| Education | ||||||
| 1y/incomp 2ry | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Comp 2ry | 1.05 (0.81–1.36) | 1.02 (0.77–1.34) | 0.99 (0.74–1.31) | 0.97 (0.67–1.40) | 0.93 (0.63–1.39) | 0.88 (0.59–1.31) |
| Higher | 0.89 (0.66–1.21) | 1.04 (0.74–1.45) | 1.03 (0.73–1.45) | 0.78 (0.54–1.13) | 0.76 (0.51–1.15) | 0.79 (0.51–1.20) |
| Hhld inc. pp quintile (asc.) | 0.85 (0.79–0.92) | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | 0.97 (0.89–1.07) | 0.86 (0.78–0.95) | 0.90 (0.81–1.00) | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) |
| Nr consumer gds (0–5) | 0.80 (0.74–0.86) | 0.80 (0.73–0.88) | 0.86 (0.78–0.94) | 0.85 (0.77–0.93) | 0.84 (0.75–0.95) | 0.86 (0.76–0.97) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Single | 0.72 (0.51–1.02) | 0.73 (0.51–1.05) | 0.74 (0.51–1.09) | 0.48 (0.30–0.76) | 0.42 (0.26–0.69) | 0.41 (0.25–0.68) |
| Divorced | 1.73 (1.12–2.67) | 1.47 (0.92–2.33) | 1.33 (0.82–2.15) | 1.26 (0.82–1.95) | 1.17 (0.75–1.85) | 1.23 (0.77–1.95) |
| Widowed | 3.03 (1.21–7.54) | 1.90 (0.64–5.62) | 2.12 (0.68–6.59) | 1.63 (0.95–2.80) | 1.29 (0.72–2.32) | 1.41 (0.78–2.56) |
| Cohabiting | 2.43 (1.81–3.24) | 2.40 (1.78–3.24) | 2.28 (1.68–3.10) | 1.57 (1.07–2.30) | 1.48 (0.99–2.22) | 1.44 (0.95–2.18) |
| Area of residence | ||||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rural | 1.19 (0.94–1.51) | 1.17 (0.91–1.50) | 0.93 (0.71–1.21) | 0.99 (0.72–1.37) | 0.90 (0.64–1.26) | 0.82 (0.58–1.15) |
| Moscow/St P | 0.40 (0.26–0.63) | 0.46 (0.29–0.75) | 0.49 (0.30–0.80) | 0.55 (0.33–0.90) | 0.61 (0.35–1.06) | 0.56 (0.32–0.98) |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Paid leave | 0.50 (0.07–3.71) | 0.66 (0.52–0.84) | 0.75 (0.58–0.97) | 0.75 (0.30–1.88) | 0.39 (0.12–1.28) | 0.40 (0.12–1.28) |
| Not working | 0.76 (0.53–1.10) | 0.83 (0.54–1.27) | 0.79 (0.52–1.21) | 1.67 (1.16–2.42) | 1.62 (1.08–2.46) | 1.64 (1.08–2.48) |
| Unemployed (sr) | 3.45 (2.66–4.45) | 3.29 (2.47–4.40) | 3.05 (2.27–4.10) | 3.51 (2.43–5.08) | 3.15 (2.12–4.68) | 3.18 (2.13–4.75) |
| Pension | 0.19 (0.06–0.59) | 0.15 (0.04–0.61) | 0.14 (0.03–0.57) | 0.28 (0.11–0.69) | 0.33 (0.13–0.83) | 0.33 (0.13–0.84) |
| Self-rated hlth (vg -5(vp) | 1.32 (1.11–1.56) | 1.30 (1.09–1.56) | 1.41 (1.17–1.70) | 1.10 (0.88–1.38) | 1.08 (0.85–1.37) | 1.17 (0.91–1.49) |
| HAVING SUPPLEMENTARY (PRIVATE) INSURANCE (vs not having) Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||||
| Sex (female vs male) | - | - | - | 0.77 (0.60–1.00) | 0.70 (0.53–.093) | 0.75 (0.56–1.00) |
| Age (per year) | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) |
| Education | ||||||
| 1y/incomp 2ry | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Comp 2ry | 3.41 (1.73–6.72) | 2.54 (1.27–5.09) | 2.30 (1.15–4.59) | 3.43 (1.45–8.15) | 2.22 (0.91–5.44) | 1.99 (0.81–4.90) |
| Higher | 4.90 (2.46–9.75) | 2.49 (1.22–5.07) | 2.05 (1.01–4.16) | 4.68 (2.01–10.87) | 2.62 (1.10–6.27) | 1.93 (0.80–4.65) |
| Hhld inc. pp quintile (asc.) | 1.88 (1.58–2.24) | 1.76 (1.46–2.12) | 1.73 (1.43–2.09) | 1.88 (1.56–2.25) | 1.70 (1.40–2.07) | 1.65 (1.35–2.02) |
| Nr consumer gds (0–5) | 1.26 (1.09–1.46) | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | 1.13 (0.96–1.34) | 1.19 (1.03–1.37) | 1.31 (1.10–1.55) | 1.32 (1.10–1.58) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Single | 0.31 (0.16–0.61) | 0.38 (0.19–0.76) | 0.63 (0.32–1.27) | 0.98 (0.55–1.74) | 1.25 (0.68–2.32) | 1.62 (0.88–2.98) |
| Divorced | 0.30 (0.10–0.96) | 0.44 (0.14–1.43) | 0.47 (0.14–1.52) | 1.11 (0.64–1.94) | 1.21 (0.64–2.27) | 1.11 (0.59–2.12) |
| Widowed | 0.61 (0.08–4.52) | 0.81 (0.10–6.32) | 0.99 (0.12–8.07) | 0.40 (0.14–1.13) | 0.69 (0.24–1.97) | 0.70 (0.24–2.02) |
| Cohabiting | 0.53 (0.28–1.01) | 0.58 (0.30–1.13) | 0.61 (0.31–1.17) | 0.73 (0.37–1.44) | 0.67 (0.30–1.51) | 0.69 (0.31–1.56) |
| Area of residence | ||||||
| Urban | ||||||
| Rural | 0.47 (0.27–0.82) | 0.63 (0.36–1.12) | 0.64 (0.36–1.13) | 0.31 (0.15–0.66) | 0.40 (0.19–0.85) | 0.42 (0.20–0.90) |
| Moscow/St P | 2.03 (1.32–3.12) | 1.18 (0.73–1.91) | 1.25 (0.77–2.04) | 2.58 (1.69–3.92) | 1.58 (0.98–2.56) | 1.56 (0.96–2.55) |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Paid leave | 0.93 (0.12–7.01) | 0.72 (0.48–1.09) | 0.53 (0.07–4.09) | 2.06 (1.05–4.05) | 1.90 (0.86–4.15) | 2.24 (0.99–5.04) |
| Not working | 0.12 (0.04–0.37) | 0.58 (0.08–4.42) | 0.13 (0.03–0.57) | 0.31 (0.15–0.64) | 0.38 (0.17–0.87) | 0.35 (0.15–0.83) |
| Unemployed (sr) | 0.13 (0.04–0.42) | 0.15 (0.03–0.63) | 0.24 (0.07–0.79) | 0.08 (0.01–0.57) | 0.13 (0.02–0.93) | 0.14 (0.02–1.03) |
| Pension | 0.09 (0.01–0.68) | 0.27 (0.08–0.89) | 0.14 (0.02–1.06) | 0.06 (0.01–0.46) | 0.12 (0.02–0.85) | 0.11 (0.02–0.84) |
| Self-rated hlth (vg -5(vp) | 0.90 (0.67–1.21) | 1.04 (0.76–1.44) | 1.11 (0.79–1.55) | 0.87 (0.64–1.20) | 1.06 (0.74–1.51) | 1.14 (0.79–1.65) |
[Results in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05)]