Table 1.

A summary of changes observed in pregnancies complicated by IUGR and IUGR + PE compared to normal controls.

Variable	IUGR	IUGR + PE
Spiral artery conversion	↓	↓↓	[3,6]
Spiral artery atherosis	↑	↑↑	[2]
Villous vol. at term	↓↓	↓↓	[15]
Birth weight	↓	↓↓	[13]
Hypoxia-activated genes	Normal	↑	[49]
Placental NDRG1 expression	↑	↑↑	[48]
DNA damage	↑	↑	[45]
Syncytiotrophoblast apoptosis	↑	↑↑	[28–30]
Maternal serum STBM	Normal	↑	[32]
Maternal serum sFLT	Normal	↑	[52]
	↑	↑↑	[53]
Maternal serum PlGF	↓	↓	[52]
Maternal urinary PlGF	Normal	↓↓	[54]
Maternal serum cell-free fetal DNA	Normal	↑	[55]
Maternal serum leptin	Normal	↑	[56]
Maternal serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8	Normal	↑↑	[57]