Table 2.

PFOA and PFOS levels in outdoor air and indoor dust in Japan and several other countries

Sampling site		n	Units	PFOA			PFOS			Ref.
				GM	GSD	Range	GM	GSD	Range
Japan	Oyamazaki Town (on a highway) 2001/April 2002/March	12	pg/m3 air				5.3	1.2	2.3–21.8	[32]
			ng/g dust				97.4	1.2	38.0–427.4
		12	pg/m3 air	263	2.4	71.8–919.4	5.2	1.4	2.5–9.8	[30]
			ng/g dust	3,413	2.4	469–9049	72.2	1.8	19.7–168.0
	Fukuchiyama City (on a local road) 2001/April 2002/March	12	pg/m3 air				0.6	1.3	ND-2.1	[32]
			ng/g dust				19.2	1.2	ND-60.6
	Morioka City (on a local road) 2003/July	8	pg/m3 air	2.0	1.2	1.6–2.6	0.7	1.4	0.5–1.2	[30]
	Japan (20 sites) 2004	20	pg/m3 air	9.0		6.0–2500	1.8		<0.1–30	[33]
	Indoor dust (general home)	16	ng/g dust	178	2.6	69.0–3700	39.5	3.9	11.0–2500	[37]
	Indoor dust (0.075–1 mm) (general home)	20	ng/g dust	36.1	1.5	18–89	19.9	1.6	7–41	[36]
Other	Lake Ontario (over a lake)	8	pg/m3 air				6.4	3.3		[34]
	Manchester, UK 2003/July	2	pg/m3 air	Mean 341			Mean 46			[35]
	Indoor dust, Ohio and North Carolina (general home)	102	ng/g dust	Median 142		<10–1960	Median 201		<8.9–12,100	[38]

GM geometric mean, GSD geometric standard deviation, ND not detected