Table 5.

Estimated clearances of PFOA and PFOS in rats, monkeys, and humans

			Serum half-life (days)	Total clearance [ml/(day kg)]	Urinary excretion [ml/(day kg)]	Biliary excretion [ml/(day kg)]	Menstrual bleeding [ml/(day kg)]
PFOA	Wistar ratsa	Male	5.63	50.4	46.1	3.30	NA
		Female	0.08	2233	1054	3.52	NA
	Cynomolgus monkeysb	Male	20.9	6.0	NA	NA	NA
		Female	32.6	4.2	NA	NA	NA
	Japanese macaquesc	Male	5.6	37.1	15	NA	NA
		Female	2.7	77.0	32	NA	NA
	Humansd		1387	0.070	0.030	1.06	0.028g
PFOS	CR:CD ratse	Male	>89	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Cynomolgus monkeysf	Male	132	NA	NA	NA	NA
		Female	110	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Humansd		1971	0.077	0.015	2.98	0.028g

NA not available

^aHalf-lives, total clearance, and urinary excretion were reported by Kudo et al. [58]. Biliary excretion was estimated from a report by Vanden Heuvel et al. [64]

^bHalf-lives in an intravenous study were reported by Butenhoff et al. [60]. Total clearances were calculated based on volume distributions of 181 and 198 ml/kg for males and females, respectively

^cHalf-lives and renal clearance were reported by Kudo and Kawashima [59]. Total clearances were calculated based on a volume distribution of 300 ml/kg

^dHalf-lives in retired workers were reported by Olsen et al. [57]. Urinary and biliary excretions were reported by Harada et al. [49, 68]. Total clearance was calculated based on volume distributions of 220 ml/kg for PFOS and 140 ml/kg for PFOA [65]

^eCited from an intravenous study by Gibson and Johnson [61]

^fCited from a report by Noker and Gorman [62]

^gMenstrual serum loss was assumed to be 42 ml/month