Table 2.
Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for different changes in ADL, by multinomial logistical regression, after adjustment for gender and age among the elderly in China during the period 2002–2005
| Variable | FI at baseline (n = 8,857) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RI/FI | 95% CI | RD/FI | 95% CI | FD/FI | 95% CI | Dead/FI | 95% CI | |||
| Residence | ||||||||||
| Urban | 1.46 | 1.22–1.74*** | 1.47 | 1.06–2.04* | 1.20 | 0.95–1.51 | 1.15 | 0.88–1.50 | ||
| Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Education | ||||||||||
| No formal education | 0.73 | 0.56–0.94* | 0.96 | 0.57–1.61 | 1.10 | 0.76–1.60 | 0.93 | 0.79–1.08 | ||
| 1–4 education | 0.82 | 0.63–1.08 | 1.03 | 0.59–1.78 | 0.94 | 0.62–1.42 | 0.97 | 0.83–1.15 | ||
| >5 years education | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Household income per capita per year | ||||||||||
| ≤1,200 | 0.63 | 0.51–0.79*** | 0.59 | 0.40–0.88** | 0.89 | 0.67–1.18 | 0.72 | 0.63–1.08 | ||
| 1,201–3,000 | 0.74 | 0.60–0.92** | 0.54 | 0.36–0.82** | 0.70 | 0.52–0.94* | 0.71 | 0.62–1.06 | ||
| >3,001 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Occupation | ||||||||||
| Nonagricultural occupation | 1.27 | 1.06–1.52** | 1.18 | 0.85–1.65 | 1.13 | 0.89–1.42 | 1.22 | 0.91–1.53 | ||
| Agricultural occupation | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Married | 0.79 | 0.64–0.99* | 1.04 | 0.69–1.58 | 0.83 | 0.61–1.13 | 0.74 | 0.65–0.85*** | ||
| Single | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Living arrangement | ||||||||||
| Living only with spouse | 1.16 | 0.84–1.61 | 1.08 | 0.61–2.15 | 0.95 | 0.59–1.53 | 0.82 | 0.68–0.99* | ||
| Living with othersa | 1.26 | 0.98–1.63 | 1.14 | 0.72–1.82 | 1.29 | 0.93–1.81 | 1.05 | 0.90–1.21 | ||
| Living in a nursing home | 0.91 | 0.52–1.61 | 1.81 | 0.76–3.73 | 1.26 | 0.93–1.81 | 1.97 | 1.51–2.57*** | ||
| Living alone | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Type of caregiver when elderly sporson is ill | ||||||||||
| Spouse | 0.83 | 0.39–1.57 | 0.93 | 0.27–3.18 | 0.78 | 0.29–2.02 | 0.89 | 0.44–1.82 | ||
| Children and other ralatives | 0.75 | 0.39–1.43 | 0.68 | 0.24–1.97 | 0.47 | 0.21–1.06 | 1.49 | 0.96–2.31 | ||
| Live-in caregivers and others | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Availability of adequate medical service when ill | ||||||||||
| No | 0.81 | 0.60–1.13 | 1.21 | 0.74–2.00 | 1.08 | 0.77–1.57 | 1.20 | 1.01–1.42* | ||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Having health insurance | ||||||||||
| Yes | 1.49 | 1.13–1.88** | 1.52 | 0.93–2.36 | 1.36 | 0.68–2.32 | 1.43 | 1.22–1.66*** | ||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Variable | RI at baseline (n = 1,834) | RD and FD at baseline (n = 1,230) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI/RI | 95% CI | RD + FD/RI | 95% CI | Dead/RI | 95% CI | FI + RI/RD + FD | 95% CI | Dead/RD + FD | 95% CI | |
| Residence | ||||||||||
| Urban | 0.48 | 0.36–0.65*** | 1.04 | 0.74–1.46 | 0.74 | 0.57–0.96* | 0.49 | 0.33–0.75*** | 0.85 | 0.62–1.17 |
| Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Education | ||||||||||
| No formal education | 0.78 | 0.47–1.30 | 0.42 | 0.25–0.73** | 0.61 | 0.38–1.23 | 4.64 | 2.21–9.75*** | 2.34 | 1.43–3.81*** |
| 1–4 education | 0.71 | 0.41–1.25 | 0.37 | 0.20–0.68** | 0.55 | 0.33–1.13 | 3.57 | 1.56–8.17** | 1.77 | 0.99–3.16 |
| >5 years education | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Household income per capita per year | ||||||||||
| ≤1,200 | 1.74 | 1.21–2.51** | 0.72 | 0.48–1.08 | 0.93 | 0.68–1.27 | 1.99 | 1.19–3.32** | 0.83 | 0.56–1.24 |
| 1,201–3,000 | 1.67 | 1.13–2.45** | 0.82 | 0.54–1.25 | 1.27 | 0.92–1.76 | 1.41 | 0.81–2.45 | 0.95 | 0.63–1.43 |
| >3,001 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Occupation | ||||||||||
| Nonagricultural occupation | 0.96 | 0.70–1.32 | 1.28 | 0.90–1.82 | 1.17 | 0.89–1.54 | 0.77 | 0.50–1.18 | 0.85 | 0.61–1.18 |
| Agricultural occupation | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Married | 1.25 | 0.83–1.91 | 0.76 | 0.46–1.28 | 0.70 | 0.47–1.05 | 0.56 | 0.29–1.06 | 0.43 | 0.26–0.71*** |
| Single | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Living arrangement | ||||||||||
| Living only with spouse | 0.87 | 0.48–1.23 | 1.13 | 0.49–2.61 | 0.73 | 0.39–1.36 | 0.49 | 0.17–1.46 | 0.42 | 0.18–0.98* |
| Living with othersa | 0.73 | 0.48–1.69 | 1.51 | 0.81–2.73 | 1.09 | 0.71–1.67 | 0.91 | 0.41–2.01 | 0.83 | 0.44–1.54 |
| Living in a nursing home | 0.50 | 0.21–1.20 | 1.46 | 0.57–3.75 | 1.27 | 0.63–2.59 | 0.66 | 0.20–2.15 | 0.84 | 0.34–2.05 |
| Living alone | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Type of caregiver when elderly sporson is ill | ||||||||||
| Spouse | 2.36 | 0.99–5.64 | 0.62 | 0.24–1.57 | 0.69 | 0.34–1.41 | 2.15 | 0.80–5.78 | 0.44 | 0.34–0.57*** |
| Children and other ralatives | 1.8 | 0.88–3.70 | 0.81 | 0.42–1.55 | 0.71 | 0.42–1.18 | 3.33 | 1.62–6.88*** | 0.50 | 0.39–0.62*** |
| Live-in caregivers and others | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Availability of adequate medical service when ill | ||||||||||
| No | 2.13 | 1.26–3.59** | 1.20 | 0.64–2.24 | 1.54 | 0.95–2.51 | 1.65 | 1.01–2.72* | 0.86 | 0.56–1.31 |
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Having health insurance | ||||||||||
| Yes | 0.55 | 0.34–0.95* | 1.59 | 0.98–2.64 | 0.99 | 0.65–1.53 | 0.28 | 0.13–0.57*** | 0.39 | 0.24–0.63*** |
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
FI Fully independence, RI relative independence, RD relative dependence, FD fully dependence
* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001
a“Living with others” was defined by a household size ≥3 individuals, and “others” was defined as a spouse, children, grandchildren, or other relatives