Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study patients
| Total (n = 326) | Beta-blockersa(n = 191) | No beta-blockers (n = 135) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Mean age years (mean (SD)) | 66 (10) | 68 (9) | 64 (11) | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 80% | 81% | 79% | 0.67 |
| Type of surgery | 0.28 | |||
| AAA | 50% | 53% | 44% | |
| CEA | 21% | 20% | 23% | |
| LLR | 29% | 27% | 33% | |
| Cardiovascular history | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 26% | 33% | 16% | <0.01 |
| Coronary revascularizationb | 23% | 28% | 15% | <0.01 |
| Heart failure | 5% | 4% | 5% | 0.67 |
| Angina pectoris | 20% | 29% | 8% | <0.001 |
| stroke or TIA | 25% | 25% | 25% | 0.91 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| COPD | 0.43 | |||
| Mild COPD | 54% | 54% | 53% | |
| Moderate COPD | 37% | 36% | 40% | |
| severe COPD | 9% | 11% | 7% | |
| Hypertension | 43% | 46% | 39% | 0.26 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 14% | 20% | 4% | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 23% | 28% | 16% | <0.01 |
| Renal dysfunction | 19% | 23% | 12% | 0.01 |
| Body mass index (mean (SD)) | 26 (4) | 26 (4) | 26 (4) | 0.81 |
| Current smoking status | 31% | 32% | 29% | 0.56 |
| Medication | ||||
| statins | 44% | 58% | 23% | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 49% | 56% | 39% | <0.01 |
| Bronchodilators | 10% | 11% | 10% | 0.98 |
| Corticosteroids | 15% | 19% | 10% | 0.04 |
a
Use at baseline.
b
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Abbreviations: AAA, abdominal aortic surgery; CEA, carotid endarterectomy; LLR, lower limb arterial reconstruction; TIA, transient ischemic attack; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.