TABLE 5.

Hazard ratios for total CVD events per 1-minute increment in maximal exercise duration according to CVD risk factor categories in men, Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, Dallas, Texas, 1971-2004

Risk Factor	N	Events	HR‡	95% CI‡	p value	HR§	95% CI§	p value
Age, years
<55	17,532	1,025	0.94	0.92, 0.95	<0.001	0.95	0.94, 0.97	<0.001
≥55	3,196	487	0.96	0.94, 0.98	<0.001	0.98	0.96, 1.00	0.11
Current smoker
No	16,922	1,218	0.95	0.94, 0.96	<0.001	0.97	0.96, 0.99	<0.001
Yes	3,806	294	0.93	0.90, 0.96	<0.001	0.94	0.91, 0.96	<0.001
Family history of CVD
No	17,411	1,233	0.95	0.94, 0.96	<0.001	0.97	0.96, 0.99	<0.001
Yes	3,317	279	0.91	0.88, 0.94	<0.001	0.93	0.90, 0.95	<0.001
Exercise ECG responses
Normal	19,667	1,292	0.95	0.94, 0.96	<0.001	0.96	0.95, 0.98	<0.001
Abnormal	1,061	220	0.96	0.93, 0.99	0.007	0.97	0.94, 1.01	0.12
Body mass index, kg/m2
18.5-24.9	8,701	573	0.94	0.92, 0.96	<0.001	0.96	0.94, 0.98	<0.001
≥25	12,027	939	0.95	0.94, 0.97	<0.001	0.97	0.96, 0.99	0.001
Hypertension
No	14,143	832	0.95	0.93, 0.96	<0.001	0.96	0.95, 0.98	<0.001
Yes	6,585	680	0.95	0.94, 0.97	<0.001	0.97	0.95, 0.99	<0.001
Diabetes
No	19,653	1,373	0.95	0.93, 0.96	<0.001	0.97	0.95, 0.98	<0.001
Yes	1,075	139	0.96	0.93, 1.00	0.048	0.98	0.93, 1.02	0.27
Total cholesterol
<6.20 mmol/L (240 mg/dl)	16,668	997	0.94	0.93, 0.95	<0.001	0.96	0.94, 0.97	<0.001
≥6.20 mmol/L (240 mg/dl)	4,060	515	0.97	0.95, 0.99	0.003	0.98	0.96, 1.00	0.08

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ECG, electrocardiogram.

The point and interval estimates are the risk of CVD events that are associated, on average, with each 1-minute increment in treadmill exercise duration.

^‡Adjusted for age and examination year.

^§Adjusted for the above plus each of the other risk factors in the table.