. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 May 21.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2007 May 25;46(2):161–172. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2007.03.010

Table 3.

Hospitalizations by causes in geriatric heart failure patients before and after matching by propensity scores for NYHA class III–IV

Cause for hospitalization^*	NYHA I–II (N=1010)	NYHA III–IV (N=1010)	Absolute difference^† (per 10,000 person-year of follow up)	Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)^‡	P value
Cause for hospitalization^*	Hospitalization Events/total follow-up years (Rate per 10,000 person-years of follow up)		Absolute difference^† (per 10,000 person-year of follow up)	Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)^‡	P value
Before matching
All-cause	682/1763 (3868)	736/1418 (5190)	+ 1322	1.30 (1.17–1.44)	<0.0001
Cardiovascular	501/2113 (2371)	588/1753 (3354)	+ 983	1.37 (1.21–1.54)	<0.0001
Worsening heart failure	263/2609 (1008)	381/2176 (1751)	+ 743	1.68 (1.43–1.96)	<0.0001
Number of total hospitalizations	10533	16262	+ 5729
After matching
All-cause	723/1553 (4656)	736/1418 (5190)	+ 534	1.10 (0.96–1.25)	0.165
Cardiovascular	557/1899 (2933)	588/1753 (3354)	+ 421	1.11 (0.96–1.29)	0.150
Worsening heart failure	363/303 (1576)	381/2176 (1751)	+ 175	1.09 (0.92–1.30)	0.330
Number of total hospitalizations	13799	16262	+ 2463

Data shown include the first hospitalization of each patient due to each cause.

^†

Absolute differences were calculated by subtracting the percentage of patients hospitalized in the placebo group from the percentage of patients hospitalized in the digoxin group (before values were rounded).

^‡

Hazard ratios and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from a Cox proportional-hazards models that used the first hospitalization of each patient for each reason