Table 2.
Effects of digoxin on mortality (AR =absolute risk, ARR =absolute risk reduction, CV =cardiovascular, HF=heart failure, HR =hazard ratio, CI =confidence interval, SDC =serum digoxin concentration)
| Events / Total | AR (%) | ARR | Crude HR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted* HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | Placebo | 1272 / 3861 | 32.9 | Reference | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| SDC 0.5-0.9 ng/ml | 288 / 982 | 29.3 | 3.6 | 0.78 (0.69 – 0.89) | <0.0001 | 0.77 (0.67 – 0.89) | <0.0001 | |
| SDC ≥1.0 ng/ml | 294 / 705 | 41.7 | -8.8 | 1.23 (1.08 – 1.39) | 0.002 | 1.06 (0.93 – 1.20) | 0.406 | |
| Cardiovascular mortality | Placebo | 985 / 3861 | 25.5 | Reference | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| SDC 0.5-0.9 ng/ml | 237 / 982 | 24.1 | 1.4 | 0.84 (0.73 – 0.96) | 0.013 | 0.83 (0.71 – 0.97) | 0.019 | |
| SDC ≥1.0 ng/ml | 234 / 705 | 33.2 | -7.7 | 1.26 (1.10 – 1.46) | 0.001 | 1.07 (0.93 – 1.24) | 0.339 | |
| Heart failure mortality | Placebo | 468 / 3861 | 12.1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| SDC 0.5-0.9 ng/ml | 86 / 982 | 8.8 | 3.3 | 0.63 (0.50 – 0.80) | <0.0001 | 0.63 (0.49 – 0.82) | <0.0001 | |
| SDC ≥ 1.0 ng/ml | 96 / 705 | 13.6 | -1.5 | 1.09 (0.87 – 1.36) | 0.449 | 0.87 (0.70 – 1.09) | 0.236 |
Adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, duration of heart failure, etiology of heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, current angina, hypertension, diabetes, pre-trial use of digoxin, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, and combination of hydralazine and nitrates, current dyspnea at rest and dyspnea on exertion, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, current jugular venous distension, third heart sound, pulmonary râles, and lower extremity edema, NYHA functional class, pulmonary congestion by chest x-ray, cardiothoracic ratio >0.5, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ejection fraction, and the interaction term for SDC 0.5-0.9 ng/ml and race.