Table 1.

Studies in which measures of nonspeech oral motor (NS) and speech performance (S) have been compared in individuals with a various neurological disorders. A positive finding is indicated by a plus, a negative by a minus, and both signed indicates mixed findings. Studies are listed in chronological order.

Study	Patient Type	Finding	Summary
Hixon & Hardy50	Cerebral Palsy	−	NS: Nonspeech AMR, Speech DDK S: scaled speech defectiveness
LaPointe & Wertz51	Brain Injury	−	NS: Isolated oral movements, oro-motor sequencing tasks S: severity of articulatory defectiveness
Dworkin, Aronson, & Mulder52	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	+	NS: Tongue force S: articulatory defectiveness
Barlow & Abbs 53,54	Cerebral Palsy	+	NS: Jaw + tongue + lip force stability S: speech intelligibility
Dworkin & Aronson55	Various	−	NS: Tongue strength, speech DDK S: scaled intelligibility
DePaul & Brooks56	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	−/+	NS: Speed of tongue or lower lip force production S: scaled speech severity
Langmore & Lehman57	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	−/+	NS: Maximum (nonspeech) repetition rates of lips, tongue, jaw S: scaled speech severity
McHenry, Minton, Wilson, & Post58	Traumatic Brain Injury	−	NS: Oro-facial force S: speech intelligibility
Solomon et al.59	Parkinson Disease	−	NS: Lingual fatigue S: speaking rate
Solomon et al.60	Parkinson Disease	−/+	NS: Tongue strength S: severity of speech defectiveness
Thompson, Murdoch, & Stokes61	Upper Motor Neuron Disease	−	NS: Tongue strength S: perceptual ratings of articulatory performance
Thompson, Murdoch, & Stokes62	Upper Motor Neuron Disease	−	NS: Lip force, vowel or consonant precision S: speech intelligibility
Theodoros, Murdoch, & Stokes63	Traumatic Brain Injury	−	NS: Lip and tongue strength S: perceptual rating of severity
Solomon, Robin, & Luschei64	Parkinson Disease	−	NS: Tongue strength and endurance S: articulatory precision and speech defectiveness