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Apelin reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by macrophages in culture. J774 macrophages cultured in the presence of 10 nM [pGlu]-apelin-13 had significant downregulation of MCP-1 and TNF-α expression (*P < 0.05). IL-6, M-CSF, and MIP-1α expression levels were also decreased by apelin, although these differences did not reach statistical significance.
