Table 1.
Populations and interventions in studies of non-invasive ventilation in critically ill adults
| Study | No of patients | Inclusion criteria (patients) | Inclusion criteria (weaning eligibility) | Experimental strategy | Control strategy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nava,w1 1998 | 50 | Exacerbation of COPD. Intubated for at least 36-48 hrs | Simple weaning criteria, 1 hr SBT failure | Non-invasive pressure support on conventional ventilator delivered with face mask | Invasive PS |
| Girault,w2 1999 | 33 | Acute-on-chronic respiratory failure (COPD, restrictive, or mixed populations). Intubated for at least 48 hrs | Simple weaning criteria, 2 hr SBT failure | Flow or pressure mode with nasal or face mask | Flow or pressure mode (PS) |
| Hill,w3 2000 | 21 | Acute respiratory failure | 30 minute SBT failure | NIV using VPAP in ST-A mode | Invasive PS |
| Chen,w4 2001 | 24 | Exacerbation of COPD. Intubated for at least 48-60 hrs. Saturations >88% on FiO2 40% | Day 3 + weaning criteria | Bilevel NIV (pressure mode) | Invasive PS |
| Ferrer,w5 2003 | 43 | Acute respiratory failure and persistent weaning failure. Intubated for at least 72 hrs | 2 hr SBT failure on 3 consecutive days | Bilevel NIV in ST mode delivered with face or nasal mask | AC or invasive PS |
| Rabie,w6 2004 | 37 | Exacerbation of COPD | 2 hr SBT failure | NIV (proportional assist in timed mode) delivered by face or nasal mask | Invasive PS |
| Wang,w7 2004 | 28 | COPD. Bronchopulmonary infection | PIC window | NIV (pressure mode) delivered by mask (unspecified) | SIMV+PS |
| Zheng,w8 2005 | 33 | COPD. Severe pulmonary infection | PIC window | Bilevel NIV (pressure mode) delivered by face or nasal mask | Invasive PS |
| Zou,w9 2006 | 76 | COPD with severe respiratory failure. Pulmonary infection | PIC window | Bilevel NIV (pressure, ST mode) delivered by nasal or oronasal mask | SIMV +PS |
| Wang,w10 2005 | 90 | COPD with severe hypercapnic respiratory failure. Pneumonia or purulent bronchitis. Age ≤85. Capable of self care in past year | PIC window | Bilevel NIV (pressure mode) | SIMV+PS |
| Trevisan,w11 2008 | 65 | Invasively ventilated >48 hours | 30 min SBT failure | Bilevel NIV (pressure mode) delivered by facemask | Invasive mechanical ventilation |
| Shiva Prasadw12 | 30 | COPD. Hypercapnic respiratory failure | 2 hr SBT failure | Bilevel NIV (pressure mode) delivered by full face mask | Invasive PS |
COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SBT=spontaneous breathing trial; PS=pressure support; NIV=non-invasive ventilation; PIC=pulmonary infection control; AC=assist control; SIMV=synchronised intermittent mechanical ventilation; VPAP=ventilator positive airway pressure.