Radial phylogenetic tree of representative bacterial, eukaryotic
and archaeal malic enzymes. Multiple sequence alignments and
phylogenetic analysis were performed with the neighbor-joining
method using the the ClustalW program provided by the DNA Data
Bank of Japan (DDBJ). Scale bar indicates 10 substitutions per
100 amino acids. Bootstrap resampling was performed 1000 times
and only values observed in more than 50% of the replicas are
shown. The accession numbers of the sequences are as
follows: Aeropyrum pernix, G72731;
Apium graveolens (III), Q9SDL2;
Archaeoglobus fulgidus, F69465; Ascaris
suum (III), S29742; Bacillus stearothermophilus
(I), P16468; Bacillus subtilis,
O34962; Brucella melitensis, AI3372;
Campylobacter jejuni, Q9PN12; chicken,
AF408407; Clostridium tetani1, AE015937; C. tetani 2, AE015944;
Corynebacterium glutamicum (III),
CAF18947; Drosophila
melanogaster 1, Q9U1J0; D.
melanogaster 2, AAF43603; D.
melanogaster 3, Q9U1J2; Escherichia
coli (I), P26616; E. coli (III),
P76558; Giardia lamblia, U59300;
Haemophilus influenzae, P43837;
Halobacterium sp. NRC-1, A84315;human cytosolic (Human-c) (III), P48163; human
mitochondrial (Human-m) (I), P23368; Human-m (III), Q16798;
Lactobacillus plantarum, Q88XT0;
Methanosarcina acetivorans, AAM05142;
Methanosarcina mazei, AAM32328; mouse (III),
P06801; Phaseolus vulgaris (III), P12628;
pigeon cytosolic (Pigeon-c) (III), P40927; Pyrobaculum
aerophilum, AAL63657; Pyrococcus
abyssi, G75131; Pyrococcus furiosus,
AAL81150; Pyrococcus horikoshii, H71072; rat
(III), P13697; Rhizobium meliloti (II), O30807;
Salmonella typhimurium 1, AE008768; S.
typhimurium 2, Q9ZFV8; Schizosaccharomyces
pombe (I), P40375; Streptococcus bovis
(II), U35659; Sulfolobus
solfataricus, A90465;
Sulfolobus tokodaii1,
BAB65071; S. tokodaii2,
BAB65246; Thermococcus kodakaraensis,AB195292;Thermoplasma
acidophilum, Q9HKY7;
Thermoplasma volcanium, BAB59923. Roman
numerals in parentheses indicate the class of each malic enzyme
previously characterized: I, EC 1.1.1.38; II, EC 1.1.1.39; and
III, EC 1.1.1.40.