Table 1.
Between-group ANCOVA differences in brain activation between controls and patients for the contrast of delayed–immediate responses during temporal discounting. (BA, Brodman area; N voxels, number of voxels; Tal. co-ordinates, Talairach coordinates. p-value for ANCOVAs at p<0.05 for voxel activation and p<0.006 for cluster activation. Those p-values were selected to yield less than 1 false positive cluster per brain map.)
| brain region | BA | Tal. coordinates (x, y, z) | N voxels | cluster p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| controls>ADHD | ||||
| L precuneus/posterior cingulate/cerebellum/brainstem/orbital/inferior/prefrontal/thalamus/putamen | 7/31/11/47 | −25, −56, 31 | 985 | 0.0008 |
| orbitofrontal/inferior prefrontal gyrus1 | 11/47/45 | −40, 33, −24 | ||
| inferior parietal lobea | 40 | −50, −58, 31 | ||
| posterior cingulatea | 31 | −25, −52, 26 | ||
| cerebellum/brainstema | 7, −40, −24 | |||
| R inferior prefrontal gyrus | 44 | 40, 7, 31 | 220 | 0.003 |
a
Large three-dimensional clusters were broken into smaller two-dimensional clusters (see italics).