Table 1. Mutagenic Properties of Enal-Derived and Related 1,N2-Deoxyguanosine Adducts: Effect of Biological Host, DNA Sequence Context, and Vector System.
| adduct | host | sequence context | vector | mutagenic outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | E. coli AB1157 | CpGpT | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 100% of G→T transversions in non-SOS-induced cells; 51% of G→T transversions, 17% of G→Α transitions, and <0.5% of G→C transversions in SOS-induced cells (61)a |
| 2 | 14 | E. coli JM105 | TpGpT | double-stranded | single base substitutions; no mutations in non-SOS-induced cells; 1% of G→T transversions and 1% of G→Α transitions in SOS-induced cells (62) |
| 3 | 14 | E. coli JM105 | (CpG)3b | double-stranded | frameshift mutations; 2.5%, 70% of which are CG deletions (63) |
| 4 | 14 | E. coli derivatives of AB1157 | (CpG)4 | double-stranded | CG deletions; 0.5% mutations at the first dG, 0.1% at the second dG, 0.2% at the third dG, and 0.3% at the fourth dG in NER-deficient mutant but no mutations in repair-proficient cells (64) |
| 5 | 2 | E. coli, mismatch repair deficient derivatives of MV1932 and NR9232 | CpGpA | double-stranded | one G→T transversions among 282 transformants in non-SOS-induced MV1932 derivative but no mutations in the same strain following SOS induction; no mutations in other strains tested including NER mutant (65) |
| 6 | 2 | E. coli derivatives of AB1157 | TpGpT | double-stranded | no mutations (66) |
| 7 | 2 | E. coli derivatives of AB1157 | TpGpT | single-stranded | no mutations (66) |
| 8 | 2 | E. coli AB1157 | CpGpA | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 0.3% of G→T transversions, 0.4% of G→Α transitions, and 0.3% of G→C transversions (67)a |
| 9 | 14 | COS-7 | CpGpT | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 6.9% of G→T and 0.9% of G→C transversions (61)a |
| 10 | 14 | XPA | CpGpA | double-stranded | single base substitutions; 5.9 and 3.6% of G→T transversions, 1.0 and 0.4% of G→Α transitions, and 0.6 and 0.6% of G→C transversions detected in two independent studies (68,69)a |
| 11 | 2 | COS-7 | CpGpA | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 3.8 and 2.6% of G→T transversions, 1.0 and 0.3% of G→Α transitions, and 2.6 and 0.6% of G→C transversions detected in two independent studies (67,70)a |
| 12 | 2 | human fibroblasts | CpGpA | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 8.7% of G→T transversions, 1.1% of G→Α transitions, and 1.1% of G→C transversions (71)a |
| 13 | 2 | HeLa | CpGpA | double-stranded | single base substitutions; 0.5% of G→T transversions and 0.5% of G→Α transitions when the adduct was incorporated in the leading strand; 1% of G→T transversions when the adduct was incorporated in the lagging strand (68,69)a |
| 14 | 2 | XPA | CpGpA | double-stranded | no mutations above background levels (68,69) |
| 15 | 15 | COS-7 | CpGpA | single-stranded | single base substitutions. 0.8% of G→T transversions (70)a |
| 16 | 3 | COS-7 | CpGpA | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 5.6% of G→T and 2.6% of G→C transversions (72) |
| 17 | 3 | XPA | CpGpA | double-stranded | single base substitutions; 8.8 and 6.3% of G→T transversions, 1.5 and 1.5% of G→Α transitions, and 1.5 and 2.6% of G→C transversions detected in two independent experiments (69)a |
| 18 | 4 | COS-7 | CpGpA | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 3.1% of G→T transversions, 0.5% of G→Α transitions, and 1.1% of G→C transversions (76)a |
| 19 | 4 | XPA | CpGpA | double-stranded | single base substitutions; 2.3 and 2.5% of G→T transversions, 1.7 and 1.8% of G→Α transitions, and 0.6 and 0.6% of G→C transversions detected in two independent experiments (77)a |
| 20 | 5 | COS-7 | CpGpA | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 4.0% of G→T transversions, 1.2% of G→Α transitions, and 0.9% of G→C transversions (76)a |
| 21 | 5 | XPA | CpGpA | double-stranded | single base substitutions; 5.8 and 7.3% of G→T transversions, 0.6 and 0.7% of G→Α transitions, and 2.9 and 3.3% of G→C transversions detected in two independent experiments (77)a |
| 22 | 6 | COS-7 | CpGpA | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 3.2% of G→T transversions, 0.6% of G→Α transitions, and 0.3% of G→C transversions (82)a |
| 23 | 7 | COS-7 | CpGpA | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 2.9% of G→T transversions, 1.5% of G→Α transitions, and 0.6% of G→C transversions (82)a |
| 24 | 8 | COS-7 | CpGpA | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 0.8% of G→T and 0.3% of G→C transversions (82)a |
| 25 | 9 | COS-7 | CpGpA | single-stranded | single base substitutions; 0.25% of G→T and 0.25% of G→C transversions (82)a |
a
For purposes of comparison, percentiles were calculated from primary data that were reported as the number of mutants.
b
The adduct was positioned at the second G of the repetitive sequence.