Figure 1. Exogenous complement C1q increases p-WOX1 nuclear accumulation in human prostate DU145 cells.

(A,B) DU145 cells were grown on cover glass and cultured overnight in 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. The cells were then starved under serum-free conditions for 1 hr, followed by treating with or without purified C1q (1 µg/ml) for 1 hr. Localization of endogenous Tyr33-phosphorylated WOX1 (p-WOX1) was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. (C,D) In addition, the starved cells were then cultured in 1% C1q-depleted human serum (ΔC1q serum) for 1 hr, in the presence or absence of exogenous C1q (1 µg/ml). (E) Presence of p-WOX1 in the nuclei is shown from counting ∼100 cells in 3 experiments (mean±standard deviation).