Table 4.
Composition and skewness in the lepidopteran mitogenomes*
| Species | Size (bp) | A% | G% | T% | C% | A+T % | ATskewness | GCskewness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole genome | ||||||||
| E. pyretorum | 15327 | 39.17 | 7.63 | 41.65 | 11.55 | 80.82 | -0.031 | -0.204 |
| A. pernyi | 15566 | 39.22 | 7.77 | 40.94 | 12.07 | 80.16 | -0.021 | -0.216 |
| A. yamamai | 15338 | 39.26 | 7.69 | 41.04 | 12.02 | 80.29 | -0.022 | -0.220 |
| C. boisduvalii | 15360 | 39.34 | 7.58 | 41.28 | 11.79 | 80.62 | -0.024 | -0.217 |
| B. mori | 15656 | 43.06 | 7.31 | 38.30 | 11.33 | 81.36 | 0.059 | -0.216 |
| Japanese B. mandarina | 15928 | 43.08 | 7.21 | 38.60 | 11.11 | 81.68 | 0.055 | -0.213 |
| Chinese B. mandarina | 15682 | 43.11 | 7.40 | 38.48 | 11.01 | 81.59 | 0.057 | -0.196 |
| O. nubilalis a | 14535 | 41.36 | 8.02 | 38.81 | 11.82 | 80.17 | 0.031 | -0.192 |
| O. furnicalis a | 14536 | 41.46 | 7.91 | 38.92 | 11.71 | 80.37 | 0.032 | -0.194 |
| A. honmai | 15680 | 40.15 | 7.88 | 40.24 | 11.73 | 80.39 | -0.001 | -0.178 |
| C. raphaelis | 15314 | 39.37 | 7.30 | 43.29 | 10.04 | 82.66 | -0.047 | -0.158 |
| M. sexta | 15516 | 40.67 | 7.46 | 41.11 | 10.76 | 81.79 | -0.005 | -0.181 |
| A. melete | 15140 | 40.38 | 7.87 | 39.41 | 12.35 | 79.78 | 0.012 | -0.221 |
| P. atrilineata | 15499 | 40.78 | 7.67 | 40.24 | 11.31 | 81.02 | 0.007 | -0.192 |
| O. lunifer | 15593 | 40.09 | 7.56 | 37.75 | 14.60 | 77.84 | 0.030 | -0.318 |
| PCG | ||||||||
| E. pyretorum | 11228 | 33.18 | 10.50 | 46.23 | 10.09 | 79.41 | -0.164 | 0.020 |
| A. pernyi | 11204 | 38.50 | 8.56 | 40.02 | 12.92 | 78.52 | -0.019 | -0.203 |
| A. yamamai | 11269 | 33.04 | 10.71 | 45.90 | 10.35 | 78.94 | -0.163 | 0.017 |
| C. boisduvalii | 11227 | 38.83 | 8.32 | 40.31 | 12.53 | 79.15 | -0.019 | -0.202 |
| B. mori | 11187 | 42.91 | 8.15 | 36.68 | 12.26 | 79.58 | 0.078 | -0.201 |
| Japanese B. mandarina | 11193 | 42.78 | 8.14 | 36.86 | 12.22 | 79.64 | 0.074 | -0.200 |
| Chinese B. mandarina | 11196 | 42.83 | 8.26 | 37.04 | 11.87 | 79.87 | 0.072 | -0.179 |
| O. nubilali | 11184 | 41.06 | 8.57 | 38.10 | 12.27 | 79.16 | 0.037 | -0.178 |
| O. furnicalis | 11186 | 41.15 | 8.42 | 38.27 | 12.15 | 79.42 | 0.036 | -0.181 |
| A. honmai | 11245 | 39.65 | 8.77 | 38.83 | 12.74 | 78.48 | 0.010 | -0.181 |
| C. raphaelis | 11145 | 39.10 | 7.94 | 42.40 | 10.55 | 81.51 | -0.04 | -0.141 |
| M. sexta | 11207 | 40.39 | 8.20 | 39.95 | 11.46 | 80.34 | 0.005 | -0.163 |
| A. melete | 11180 | 40.13 | 8.47 | 38.38 | 13.01 | 78.52 | 0.022 | -0.211 |
| P. atrilineata | 11202 | 40.23 | 8.59 | 38.87 | 12.31 | 79.10 | 0.017 | -0.178 |
| O. lunifer | 11266 | 32.47 | 12.08 | 43.26 | 12.19 | 75.73 | -0.142 | -0.004 |
| tRNA | ||||||||
| E. pyretorum | 1424 | 42.59 | 10.61 | 39.35 | 7.45 | 81.94 | 0.039 | 0.174 |
| A. pernyi | 1459 | 40.71 | 8.02 | 40.71 | 10.56 | 81.43 | 0 | -0.137 |
| A. yamamai | 1473 | 41.07 | 8.08 | 40.26 | 10.59 | 81.33 | 0.010 | -0.134 |
| C. boisduvalii | 1466 | 40.38 | 7.78 | 41.61 | 10.23 | 81.99 | -0.015 | -0.136 |
| B. mori | 1461 | 42.20 | 7.80 | 39.70 | 10.47 | 81.72 | 0.031 | -0.146 |
| Japanese B. mandarina | 1463 | 41.90 | 7.79 | 39.71 | 10.59 | 81.61 | 0.026 | -0.152 |
| Chinese B. mandarina | 1472 | 41.78 | 7.81 | 39.95 | 10.46 | 81.73 | 0.022 | -0.145 |
| O. nubilalis | 1425 | 42.11 | 7.86 | 39.58 | 10.46 | 81.68 | 0.031 | -0.142 |
| O. furnicalis | 1424 | 42.21 | 8.01 | 39.12 | 10.67 | 81.32 | 0.038 | -0.142 |
| A. honmai | 1474 | 41.11 | 8.41 | 39.89 | 10.58 | 81.00 | 0.015 | -0.114 |
| C. raphaelis | 1516 | 40.90 | 7.72 | 42.15 | 9.23 | 83.05 | -0.015 | -0.089 |
| M. sexta | 1499 | 41.09 | 8.07 | 40.76 | 10.07 | 81.85 | 0.004 | -0.110 |
| A. melete | 1509 | 41.42 | 11.33 | 38.070 | 8.55 | 80.12 | 0.034 | 0.142 |
| P. atrilineata | 1602 | 41.20 | 8.30 | 40.26 | 10.24 | 81.46 | 0.012 | -0.105 |
| O. lunifer | 1666 | 41.78 | 7.32 | 39.86 | 11.04 | 81.63 | 0.023 | -0.202 |
| rRNA | ||||||||
| E. pyretorum | 2116 | 41.16 | 4.82 | 43.38 | 10.63 | 84.55 | -0.026 | -0.376 |
| A. pernyi | 2144 | 40.86 | 4.90 | 43.10 | 11.15 | 83.96 | -0.027 | -0.390 |
| A. yamamai | 2156 | 40.68 | 5.06 | 43.46 | 10.81 | 84.14 | -0.033 | -0.363 |
| C. boisduvalii | 2165 | 40.60 | 5.13 | 43.93 | 10.44 | 84.53 | -0.039 | -0.341 |
| B. mori | 2162 | 43.73 | 4.58 | 41.09 | 10.60 | 84.82 | 0.031 | -0.397 |
| Japanese B. mandarin | 2160 | 43.89 | 4.63 | 41.30 | 10.19 | 85.19 | 0.030 | -0.375 |
| Chinese B. mandarina | 2134 | 43.86 | 4.78 | 41.05 | 10.31 | 84.91 | 0.028 | -0.366 |
| O. nubilalis | 1773 | 42.41 | 5.13 | 41.79 | 10.66 | 84.21 | 0.007 | -0.350 |
| O. furnicalis | 1774 | 42.39 | 5.07 | 42.05 | 10.48 | 84.44 | 0.004 | -0.348 |
| A. honmai | 2166 | 40.49 | 4.94 | 43.72 | 10.85 | 84.21 | -0.038 | -0.374 |
| C. raphaelis | 2107 | 38.93 | 5.03 | 46.56 | 9.49 | 85.48 | -0.089 | -0.307 |
| M. sexta | 2168 | 41.37 | 4.84 | 44.05 | 9.73 | 85.42 | -0.031 | -0.335 |
| A. melete | 2096 | 40.65 | 5.25 | 43.56 | 10.54 | 84.21 | -0.035 | -0.335 |
| P. atrilineata | 2203 | 42.85 | 4.58 | 43.08 | 9.49 | 85.93 | -0.003 | -0.349 |
| O. lunifer | 2157 | 41.96 | 4.82 | 40.19 | 13.03 | 82.15 | 0.022 | -0.460 |
| A+T-rich region | ||||||||
| E. pyretorum | 358 | 42.18 | 2.51 | 50.00 | 5.31 | 92.18 | -0.085 | -0.358 |
| A. pernyi | 552 | 41.12 | 4.17 | 49.28 | 5.43 | 90.40 | -0.090 | -0.127 |
| A. yamamai | 334 | 41.62 | 3.59 | 47.90 | 6.89 | 90.40 | -0.070 | -0.314 |
| C. boisduvalii | 330 | 42.12 | 2.12 | 49.39 | 6.36 | 91.52 | -0.079 | -0.500 |
| B. mori | 494 | 44.94 | 1.62 | 50.61 | 2.83 | 95.55 | -0.059 | -0.272 |
| Japanese B. mandarina | 747 | 45.52 | 2.41 | 49.67 | 2.41 | 95.18 | -0.043 | 0 |
| Chinese B. mandarina | 484 | 46.49 | 2.69 | 47.93 | 2.89 | 94.42 | -0.015 | -0.036 |
| A. honmai | 489 | 48.47 | 2.86 | 45.81 | 2.86 | 94.27 | 0.028 | 0 |
| C. raphaelis | 375 | 44.27 | 1.33 | 49.87 | 4.53 | 94.13 | -0.059 | -0.545 |
| M. sexta | 324 | 45.00 | 1.54 | 50.31 | 3.29 | 95.37 | -0.055 | -0.334 |
| A. melete | 351 | 43.87 | 3.13 | 45.30 | 7.69 | 89.17 | -0.016 | -0.421 |
| P. atrilineata | 457 | 40.70 | 0.66 | 57.55 | 1.09 | 98.25 | -0.172 | -0.246 |
| O. lunifer | 319 | 44.5 | 1.6 | 48.9 | 5.0 | 93.4 | -0.047 | -0.524 |
* The overlapping regions are excluded in the protein-coding genes (PCGs) and tRNAs.
a, partial mitogenome lacking in the A+T-rich region, partial trnM and rrnS sequence.