Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients, by Presence or Absence of Process of Care Failures
| Total (N = 102) | No process failures (N = 76) | Process failures (N = 26) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Age (median ± SD) | 55.4 ± 13.1 | 54.2 ± 12.8 | 61.5 ± 13.4 | 0.096 |
| Race | 0.044 | |||
| White | 71 (69.6) | 58 (76.3) | 13 (50) | |
| Black | 15 (14.7) | 9 (11.8) | 6 (23.1) | |
| Asian | 2 (2.0) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (3.9) | |
| Other/ unknown | 14 (13.8) | 8 (10.5) | 6 (23.1) | |
| Hispanic descent | 0.094 | |||
| Yes | 8 (7.8) | 4 (5.3) | 4 (15.4) | |
| No | 87 (85.3) | 68 (89.5) | 19 (73.1) | |
| Unknown | 7 (6.7) | 4 (5.3) | 3 (11.5) | |
| Ashkenazi descent | 0.016 | |||
| Yes | 13 (12.8) | 13 (17.1) | 0 (0) | |
| No | 78 (76.5) | 55 (72.4) | 23 (88.5) | |
| Unknown | 11 (10.8) | 8 (10.5) | 3 (11.5) | |
| Primary language | 0.279 | |||
| English | 90 (88.2) | 69 (90.8) | 21 (80.8) | |
| Spanish | 4 (3.9) | 2 (2.6) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Other | 3 (2.9) | 2 (2.6) | 1 (3.9) | |
| Unknown | 5 (4.9) | 3 (4.0) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Education | 0.008 | |||
| Graduate or professional | 30 (29.4) | 26 (34.2) | 4 (15.4) | |
| College | 25 (24.5) | 21 (27.6) | 4 (15.4) | |
| Vocational/technical | 7 (6.9) | 7 (9.2) | 0 (0) | |
| High school | 24 (23.5) | 12 (15.8) | 12 (46.2) | |
| Grade school | 4 (3.9) | 2 (2.6) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Other/unknown | 12 (11.8) | 8 (10.5) | 4 (15.4) | |
| Insurance type | 0.003 | |||
| Managed care | 43 (42.2) | 35 (46.1) | 8 (30.8) | |
| Indemnity | 17 (16.7) | 15 (19.7) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Self pay | 3 (2.9) | 3 (4.0) | 0 (0) | |
| Medicaid | 7 (6.9) | 1 (1.3) | 6 (23.1) | |
| Medicare | 32 (31.4) | 22 (29) | 10 (38.5) | |
| Employment status | 0.493 | |||
| Employed full/part time | 40 (39.2) | 31 (40.8) | 9 (34.6) | |
| Unemployed | 9 (8.8) | 8 (10.5) | 1 (3.9) | |
| Retired | 22 (21.6) | 14 (18.4) | 8 (30.8) | |
| Other | 23 (22.6) | 18 (23.7) | 5 (19.2) | |
| Unknown | 8 (7.8) | 5 (6.6) | 3 (11.5) | |
| Household members | 0.018 | |||
| 0 | 49 (48.0) | 36 (47.4) | 13 (50.0) | |
| 1 | 25 (24.5) | 15 (19.7) | 10 (38.5) | |
| 2 or more | 27 (26.5) | 25 (32.9) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0.98) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.9) | |
| Physical status | 0.119 | |||
| Fully active | 55 (53.9) | 44 (57.9) | 11 (42.3) | |
| Can walk and take care of self | 8 (7.8) | 6 (7.9) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Needs some help | 4 (3.9) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (11.5) | |
| Restricted in strenuous activity | 26 (25.50) | 19 (25) | 7 (26.9) | |
| Unknown | 9 (8.8) | 6 (7.9) | 3 (11.5) | |
| Previous cancer (any type) | 0.481 | |||
| Yes | 6 (5.9) | 4 (5.3) | 2 (7.7) | |
| No | 96 (94.1) | 72 (94.7) | 24 (92.3) |