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. 2009 Jan 1;23(6):1180–1190. doi: 10.1007/s00464-008-0298-x

Table 4.

Application of haptic feedback in VR training

Medical training Clinical practice
Procedural training (e.g., broncho-/colono-/gastroscopy, cricothyroidotomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, vascular interventions) Surgery/treatment planning (e.g., testing of multiple reconfigurations for reconstructive surgery)
Anatomy learning (e.g., palpation and dissection) Robotic surgery
Diagnostics (e.g., medical image interpretation, invasive procedures, tumor diagnostics)