TABLE 2.
Proteins down- or upregulated with farnesola
| Protein regulation and amount of farnesol (μM) | Protein spot | Protein (gene) | Function | MW | pI | No. of peptide matches | % Protein score/ confidence interval (%) | NCBI nr database accession no. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Downregulation | ||||||||
| 40 | 2a | Putative stress response protein (DDR48) | Damage response | 22602 | 4.27 | 11 | 100 | 68483600 |
| 2b | Translational elongation factor 1β (TEF1) | Protein synthesis | 2494267 | 4.25 | 3 | 100 | 2494267 | |
| 5 | Riboflavin synthase; hypothetical Ca019-11507 (RIB5) | Involved in riboflavin synthesis | 30917.3 | 5.8 | 8 | 100 | 68467869 | |
| 6 | Phosphoglycerate mutase; hypothetical CaO19.8522 (GPM1-2) | Glycolysis; changes with drug exposure | 27437.5 | 5.79 | 15 | 100 | 68469783 | |
| 7 | G-beta-like protein; hypothetical Ca019-9606 (ASC1) | Unknown | 23622.1 | 6.3 | 4 | 100 | 68487301 | |
| 8 | Similar to mammalian aldo/keto reductase; hypothetical CaO19.6757 (GRE3) | Involved in stress response | 33095.2 | 6.17 | 7 | 100 | 68472117 | |
| 9 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (TDH1) | Glycolysis; changes with drug exposure | 35926.7 | 6.61 | 15 | 100 | 68472227 | |
| 10 | Enolase; hypothetical Ca019-8025 (ENO) | Glycolysis | 47202.5 | 5.54 | 13 | 100 | 68488457 | |
| 200 | 17 | ATP synthase subunit D; hypothetical CaO19.10301 (ATP7) | Mitochondrial; catalyzes ATP synthesis | 19364.1 | 6.19 | 8 | 100 | 68488805 |
| 18 | NADH:quinone oxidoreductase; hypothetical CaO19.11095 (CQR2) | Enzyme complex of the respiratory chain | 21714.2 | 6.51 | 5 | 100 | 68483141 | |
| 19 | Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) | Mitochondrial; involved in proteins imported into the mitochondrion | 60378.6 | 5.22 | 16 | 100 | 68485963 | |
| 20 | Orthologous to carboxymethylenebutenolidase; hypothetical CaO19.2966 (YDL086W) | Hydrolase enzyme | 28828.4 | 5.84 | 4 | 100 | 68468813 | |
| 22 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (TDH1-3) | Glycolysis | 35926.7 | 6.61 | 18 | 100 | 68472227 | |
| 24 | Dihydroxy acid dehydratase (ILV3) | Mitochondrion; involved in branched amino acid synthesis | 63462.9 | 6.2 | 12 | 100 | 68467901 | |
| 26 | Pyruvate kinase (PYK1) | Glycolysis | 55757.7 | 6.54 | 23 | 100 | 68482226 | |
| 27 | S-adenosylmethionine synthase; hypothetical CaO19.8272 (SAM2) | Methionine metabolism | 42465.8 | 5.64 | 16 | 100 | 68484437 | |
| Upregulation | ||||||||
| 40 | 23 | Putative mitochondrial aconitate hydratase (ACO1) | Tricarboxylic acid cycle | 84632.7 | 5.96 | 24 | 100 | 68479387 |
| 88 | Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (HEM13) | Mitochondrion; involved in heme biosynthesis | 37089.4 | 5.66 | 15 | 100 | 68490312 | |
| 89 | Branched chain amino acid transaminase; hypothetical CaO19.6994 (BAT1) | Involved in branched amino acid synthesis | 40894 | 5.89 | 11 | 100 | 68482781 | |
| 90a | Alcohol dehydrogenase; hypothetical CaO19.3997 (ADH3) | Functions in formaldehyde metabolism | 46499.6 | 8.26 | 19 | 100 | 68468132 | |
| 91 | Catalase A (CTA1) | Reactive oxygen metabolism | 54945.2 | 6.18 | 16 | 100 | 68474218 | |
| 92 | 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; hypothetical CaO19.12491 (GND1) | Plays a critical role in protecting cells from oxidative stress | 57164.1 | 6.14 | 19 | 100 | 68467359 | |
| 93 | Pyruvate decarboxylase (CDC19/PYK1) | Glycolysis | 62750 | 5.39 | 18 | 100 | 68480872 | |
| 96 | Heat shock protein 70; hypothetical CaO19.12447 (SSA1) | Molecular chaperone; involved in response to environmental stress | 70445 | 5.06 | 24 | 100 | 68467277 | |
| 97 | Alanine/arginine aminopeptidase; hypothetical CaO19.12664 (APE2) | Protein degradation | 107584.4 | 5.63 | 37 | 100 | 68491573 | |
| 98 | Heat shock protein 90 homologue; hypothetical CaO19.6515 (HSP90) | Molecular chaperone; involved in response to environmental stress | 80773.2 | 4.81 | 28 | 100 | 68469132 | |
| 99a | Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase; hypothetical CaO19.1048 (CAD4) | Involved in drug resistance | 39539.7 | 6.84 | 16 | 100 | 6325169 | |
| 200 | 57 | Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) | Molecular chaperone; involved in response to environmental stress | 23899.4 | 4.33 | 1 | 63 | 68475757 |
| 58 | Putative Rho protein GDP dissociation factor (RDI1) | Involved in reorganization of actin cytoskeleton | 22947.9 | 5.15 | 7 | 100 | 68465635 | |
| 59 | Putative mitochondrial aconitate dehydrogenase (ACO1) | Required for tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial genome maintenance | 84632.7 | 5.96 | 28 | 100 | 68479387 | |
| 60 | Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) | Mitochondria; oxidative stress response | 60378.6 | 5.22 | 1 | 50 | 68485963 | |
| 61 | Aldose reductase (GRE3) | Induced by oxidative stress | 42602.9 | 7.05 | 17 | 100 | 68470494 | |
| 62 | Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (HEM13) | Mitochondria; involved in heme biosynthesis | 37089.4 | 5.66 | 10 | 100 | 68490312 | |
| 66 | GTP binding protein; homologue to human Ranp (GSP2) | Involved in the maintenance of nuclear organization, RNA processing | 25148.7 | 6.22 | 6 | 100 | 6324759 | |
| 67 | Manganese superoxide dismutase | Involved in defense against ROS | 14782.7 | 8.04 | 2 | 46 | 60760051 | |
| 69 | Mitochondrial 2-enoyl thioester reductase | Required for respiration and maintenance of mitochondrial function | 38645.3 | 6.36 | 13 | 99.99 | 68486065 | |
| 70 | Putative aspartate aminotransferase (AAT21) | Aspartate metabolism | 49035.3 | 8.61 | 17 | 100 | 68482311 | |
| 72 | Glutathione reductase (GLR1) | Oxidative stress | 57190.1 | 7.18 | 10 | 100 | 55294642 | |
| 76 | Acetyl-CoA hydrolase/transferase (ACH1) | Involved in acetyl-CoA pathway | 58172.5 | 6.42 | 8 | 98.53 | 68482646 | |
| 78 | Phosphoglycerate mutase; hypothetical CaO19.8669 (GPM1) | Glycolysis | 30678.1 | 7.19 | 5 | 99.98 | 68484809 | |
| 80 | Outer mitochondrial membrane porin; hypothetical CaO19.1042 (POR1) | Required for the maintenance of mitochondrial osmotic stability and membrane permeability | 29748.5 | 8.5 | 12 | 100 | 68484582 | |
| 81 | NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (MCR1) | Involved in resistance against oxidative stress | 33555.6 | 8.54 | 1 | 48 | 68490698 |
a
Proteins identified by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS as being differentially expressed in cells exposed to increasing concentrations of farnesol and unexposed cells. Acetyl-CoA, acetyl coenzyme A.