FIG. 1.

Optimization of EMA concentrations and light exposure times. Viable (A and C) and heat-killed (B and D) L. pneumophila cells were exposed to different EMA concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/ml) before being cross-linked with halogen light for 1 or 15 min. Black bars represent heat-killed bacteria and gray bars represent unheated bacteria. Transparent dotted bars and numerical values presented are the PCR signal reductions (in log GU/ml) observed after EMA treatment. Error bars represent standard deviations from two independent replicates.