FIG. 4.

Determination of conidial germination, adherence, and appressorium formation. (A) Conidial germination. Conidia were inoculated onto CZP agar plates, and germinated conidia were counted hourly beginning 8 h after inoculation. (B) Conidial adherence on cicada hind wings. The assay was performed by using a previously described method (48). (C) Frequency of appressorium formation on cicada hind wings after 22 h of incubation. All experiments were repeated three times with three replicates for each repeat. WT, wild type.