S. aureus adherence to immobilized ligands. Wells in ELISA plates were coated with different concentrations of human loricrin (A and B), involucrin (C and D), or cytokeratin (D and E). After being bound and fixed, S. aureus cells were stained with crystal violet and the optical density was measured at 595 nm (OD595). Graphs A, C, and E show wild-type S. aureus SH1000 compared to isdA mutants. Graphs B, D, and F show data derived using strains with an isdAΔNEAT or isdAΔC mutation. In all experiments, the following S. aureus strains were used: ⧫, SH1000 (wild type); ▪, SRC005 (isdA); ▴, SRC008 (isdAΔNEAT); X, SRC009 (isdAΔC); ○, SRC005 [pSRC001]; •, SRC005 [pMK4]; ⋄, SRC008 [pSRC001]; and ▵, SRC008 [pMK4]. Note that the symbols ○/⧫, •/▪, ⋄/×, and ▴/▵ overlap extensively. Values represent the means of triplicate wells taken from three independent experiments.