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L. lactis adherence to immobilized ligands. Wells in ELISA plates were coated with different concentrations of human loricrin (A), involucrin (B), or cytokeratin (C). After being bound and fixed, L. lactis cells were stained with crystal violet and the optical density was measured at 595 nm (OD595). L. lactis was used in all experiments, carrying the following plasmids: ⧫, pLIsdA; ▪, pLΔNEAT; ▴, pLΔC; and X, pNZ8148.
