Figure 9.

Model of LULL1-dependent TorA function at the NE. LULL1 interacts with the TorA hexamer in the peripheral ER, which promotes an activating change in TorA that requires catalytic residues and association with the membrane. TorA then moves into the NE, where it displaces components of LINC complexes, including Sun2, nesprin2-Giant, and nesprin3. This gives TorA the ability to alter contacts between the nuclear lamina (or nuclear contents), the nuclear envelope membranes, and the cytoskeleton.