Table 2.

Conservative methods to optimize growth velocity post-transplantation [1, 87]

Causes of growth impairment	Methods
Reduced GFR	Prevention and management of chronic allograft nephropathy
	Treatment of acute rejection episodes
	Drug compliance
Steroid therapy	Daily low or alternate day steroid therapy
	Steroid avoidance/withdrawal under evaluation
Bone disease	Target PTH within normal range in CKD stage 2–3 and < 2× upper limit in CKD stage 4
	Target plasma phosphate within age-appropriate normal range
Metabolic acidosis	Target plasma bicarbonate > 22 mmol/L
Malnutrition	Adequate nutritional intake
Comorbidities	Assessment and control of comorbidities which may impair growth (chronic inflammation, liver, lung or heart diseases)

PTH Parathyroid hormone; CKD chronic kidney disease