Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of diabetic patients with and without retinopathy
| Characteristic | No retinopathy (n = 383) | Retinopathy (n = 114) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 52.2 ± 8.2 | 55.2 ± 8.3 | <0.001 |
| Male sex (%) | 60.6 | 61.4 | 0.87 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 7.4 ± 5.7 | 10.4 ± 6.5 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.1 ± 1.6 | 8.6 ± 1.6 | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.5 ± 4.8 | 28.5 ± 5.4 | 0.97 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 136 ± 16 | 138 ± 18 | 0.29 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 83 ± 12 | 85 ± 14 | 0.15 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 0.99 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 0.94 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 0.019 |
| Triacylglycerol (mmol/l) | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 0.33 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 8.2 ± 33.2 | 8.1 ± 14.8 | 0.98 |
| Current smokers (%) | 20.9 | 14.0 | 0.17 |
| Insulin therapy (%) | 18.5 | 29.8 | 0.01 |
| Statin therapy (%) | 39.9 | 36.8 | 0.55 |
Values are mean ± SD or percentage