FIGURE 1.

Left, Intraoperative photograph during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. The patient is awake with stereotactic head frame in place, and the DBS electrode lead has been placed by the neurosurgeon. Fluoroscopy machine is lateral to the patient's head and helps to confirm that the leads are at target. The neurophysiologist (front) is giving test stimulation with an external hand-held stimulator to make sure there are no adverse effects. The patient does not feel pain as the brain is without pain receptors. Right, Close-up photograph of the stereotactic arc, burr hole, and DBS lead in place connected to the external pulse generator via connector wire.