Fig. 5.

EspT activates Rac-1 and Cdc42. Swiss 3T3 cells were left untreated or infected with wild-type E2348/69 or E2348/69 expressing EspT. Cells treated with CNF1 toxin were used as a positive control. Cells were lysed and added to GST beads bound to either the CRIB of WASP or the Rac-1 binding motif of Pak to capture active Cdc42 and Rac-1 respectively. Total Cdc42 and Rac-1 along with bound Cdc42 and Rac-1 were detected by Western blotting with Cdc42 and Rac-1 monoclonal antibodies. Quantified fold activation data are presented as mean ± SEM from three independent experiments.