Table 3.

Validation of preclinical rodent tasks for the Attention/Vigilance Domain.

Validation	Human CPT	5CSR task	SAT	LRT
Medial prefrontal cortex involvement	(Ringholz, 1989; Rueckert & Grafman, 1996; Salqado-Pineda et al, 2003)	Barbelivien et al, 2001; Muir et al, 1996; Passetti et al, 2001	Miner et al, 1997	Dowd & Dunnett, 2004; 2005
Thalamus Important	(Hager et al, 1998)	Baunez & Robbins, 1999	Kozak et al, 2005	NSF
Parietal Cortex Needed	(Salqado- Pineda et al, 2003)	NOT Muir et al, 1996	Broussard et al (2006)	NOT Rosner & Mittleman, 1996
Hippocampus Not Needed	(Salqado-Pineda et al, 2003)	Kirkby & Higgins, 1995; but see Le Pen 2003	NSF	NSF
Age-related reduction in Performance	(Mani et al 2005)	Jones et al, 1995; Muir et al, 1999; Grottick & Higgins, 2002	McGaughy & Sarter, 1995; Burk et al, 2002	NSF
Sleep-Deprivation mediated deficit	(Jewett et al., 1999; Caldwell et al, 2000)	Godoi et al, 2005; Cordova et al, 2006	NSF	NSF
Improved by amphetamine, caffeine and nicotine	(Koelega, 1993) (Levin et al, 1998)	Grottick & Higgins, 2002, but see Bizarro & Stolerman, 2003, 2001; Young et al, 2004; but see Blondel, 1999	Rezvani, 2002; NOT McGaughy & Sarter, 1995; Turchi et al, 1995	NSF
Task Manipulation affecting performance (Event rate shift, SD reduction, Increasing session length)	Increasing sess. duration, ITI, red. SD- impairs (Parasuraman, 1998)	Grottick & Higgins, 2002; Stolerman et al, 2001	McGaughy & Sarter, 1995	NSF

CPT: continuous performance test; 5CSR 5-choice serial reaction; SAT: sustained attention task; LRT: lateralized reaction-time task; NSF: No studies found