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. 2009 May 4;106(20):8267–8272. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0810821106

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Phylogenetic, geographic, and historical patterns of undescribed amphibian diversity in Madagascar. (A) Bayesian phylogenetic tree of 236 (out of 244) described species and 258 deeply divergent genealogical lineages of Malagasy frogs (among them 129 CCS and 92 UCS and 37 DCL with >3% genetic divergence to nearest described neighbor) based on a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Circles represent CCS (brown), UCS (orange), and DCL (light orange). Inset photos show some of these forms (see SI Appendix). He, Heterixalus (Hyperoliidae); Dy, Dyscophus; Sc, Scaphiophryninae; Co, Cophylinae (Microhylidae); Sp, Spinomantis; Md, Mantidactylus; Mt, Mantella; Gu, Guibemantis; Ge, Gephyromantis; Bo, Boophis; Bl, Blommersia; Ag, Aglyptodactylus (Mantellidae). (B and C) Maps of collecting localities of described species (B) and of CCS and UCS (C) of Malagasy frogs, and remaining primary vegetation (evergreen forests, blue; nonevergreen forests, gray). Current protected area network is shown in red. (D) Cumulative number of species currently considered as valid per 10-year intervals (2001–2008 for the current decade), and the CCS, UCS, and DCL identified in the present paper. (E) Total numbers of described species and CCS, UCS, and DCL in major clades of Malagasy frogs.