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. 2009 May 6;4:20. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-4-20

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Calcium signaling in synaptic plasticity. Synaptic activity results in the elevation of cytosolic calcium levels by promoting extracellular calcium influx (through opening of specific cell surface calcium channels, e.g. VGCCs or NMDAR) or ER calcium efflux (via activation of RyRs or InsP3Rs). Increased cytosolic calcium concentrations initiate the activation of several kinase-dependent signaling cascades leading to CREB activation and phosphorylation at Ser133, a process critical for protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity and LTP.