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Ipsilateral afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) induced by capsaicin (CAP) perfused into the left renal pelvis (n=5–6 in each group). CAP was given at 0.04nM, 0.4nM and 4nM into the left renal pelvis, and reprehensive recording at each dose is shown. ** vs basal value and ## vs 0.04nM CAP-treated group, ** p<0.01, ## p<0.01.
