Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with bacterial sepsis, appropriateness of first-line empirical antibiotic therapy, and outcome
| Overall population (n = 180) | First-line empirical antibiotic therapy | Outcome | |||
| Appropriate (n = 135) | Inappropriate (n = 45) | Survivors (n = 129) | Nonsurvivors (n = 51) | ||
| Age (years) | 64.0 (15.3) | 63.4 (15.9) | 65.9 (13.1) | 62.2 (15.5) | 68.6 (14.0)a |
| Sex (male/female) | 122 (67.8%)/58 (32.2%) | 87 (64.4%)/48 (35.6%) | 35 (77.8%)/10 (22.2%)b | 91 (70.5%)/38 (29.5%) | 31 (60.8%)/20 (39.2%) |
| SAPS II on admission (points) | 46.3 (16.9) | 45.2 (17.7) | 49.9 (13.7) | 41.6 (15.2) | 58.1 (15.3)a |
| Time between ICU admission and sepsis (days) | 4.7 (8.9) | 4.9 (9.7) | 4.1 (5.8) | 3.8 (8.1) | 7.1 (10.3)a |
| Sepsis source | |||||
| Pneumonia | 93 (51.7%) | 68 (54.4%) | 25 (55.6%) | 59 (45.7%) | 34 (66.7%)a |
| Miscellaneousc | 59 (32.8%) | 43 (31.8%) | 16 (35.6%) | 47 (36.4%) | 5 (9.8%) |
| Urinary tract | 28 (15.5%) | 24 (17.8%) | 4 (8.8%) | 23 (17.8%) | 12 (23.5%) |
| Bacteremia | 101 (56.1%) | 72 (53.3%) | 29 (64.4%) | 73 (56.6%) | 28 (54.9%) |
| Isolated pathogenes | |||||
| Gram-negative | 87 (48.3%) | 60 (44.5%) | 29 (60.0%)a | 57 (44.2%) | 30 (58.8%)a |
| Enterobacteriacae | 59 (32.8%) | 39 (28.9%) | 20 (44.4%) | 43 (33.3%) | 16 (31.4%) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 16 (8.9%) | 12 (8.9%) | 4 (8.9%) | 7 (5.4%) | 9 (17.6%) |
| Miscellaneous | 12 (6.7%) | 9 (6.7%) | 3 (6.7%) | 7 (5.4%) | 5 (9.8%) |
| Gram-positive | 79 (43.9%) | 65 (51.1%) | 14 (31.1%)a | 62 (48.1%) | 17 (33.3%)a |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 31 (17.2%) | 28 (20.7%) | 3 (6.7%) | 23 (17.8%) | 8 (15.7%) |
| Streptococcus spp. | 40 (22.2%) | 33 (24.4%) | 7 (15.5%) | 32 (24.8%) | 8 (15.7%) |
| Miscellaneous | 8 (4.4%) | 4 (3.0%) | 4 (8.9%) | 7 (5.4%) | 1 (1.9%) |
| Polymicrobial | 14 (7.8%) | 10 (7.4%) | 4 (8.9%) | 10 (7.7%) | 4 (7.9%) |
| Sepsis characteristics by D1 | |||||
| Septic shock | 70 (41.2%) | 57 (42.2%) | 21 (46.7%) | 39 (32.8%) | 31 (63.3%)a |
| SOFA score (points) | 6.2 (3.6) | 6.2 (3.5) | 6.2 (3.9) | 5.4 (3.2) | 8.2 (3.5)a |
| Platelet count (giga/l) | 208.6 (137.5) | 201.4 (123.1) | 231.3 (175.2) | 229.8 (135.9) | 159.2 (129.4)a |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 244 (140) | 229.2 (129.7) | 285.3 (161.0)a | 256.3 (140.1) | 217.9 (139.2)b |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 73.5 (19.4) | 74.2 (18.7) | 71.3 (21.3) | 74.4 (18.8) | 71.2 (20.7) |
| Lactate (mmol/l) | 3.2 (2.9) | 3.4 (3.2) | 2.7 (1.8) | 2.8 (2.6) | 4.1 (3.4)a |
| Bilirubinemia (μmol/l) | 28.3 (43.8) | 30.8 (47.9) | 20.5 (26.1) | 28.6 (48.8) | 27.7 (28.5) |
| Creatininemia (μmol/l) | 199.1 (181.2) | 197.6 (184.2) | 203.6 (173.5) | 204.7 (196.4) | 184.9 (135.9) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 151.1 (111.9) | 159.9 (112.9) | 121.1 (105.0)b | 152.1 (114.2) | 148.6 (107.7) |
| Nosocomial sepsis | 98 (54.4%) | 70 (51.8%) | 28 (62.2%) | 64 (49.6%) | 34 (66.7%)b |
| ICU length of stay | 18.8 (19.9) | 19.3 (22.2) | 17.5 (13.9) | 16.2 (18.2) | 25.6 (22.5)a |
Baseline characteristics for 180 patients with bacterial sepsis, and description of the episodes according to the appropriateness of the first-line empirical antibiotic therapy and the outcome. D1, day sepsis is diagnosed; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA, Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment; ICU, Intensive Care Unit. aP < 0.05. bP < 0.20. cIncludes soft tissue, central nervous system and catheter-related infections.