unshared |
forage patch choice in primates (King et al. 2008) |
travelling start in dolphins (Lusseau & Conradt in press) |
at least partially shared |
cohesive group movements in small groups of birds (Black 1988; Biro et al. 2006), carnivores (Gompper 1996), ungulates (Conradt & Roper 2003) and primates (Stewart & Harcourt 1994; Boinski & Campbell 1995; Byrne 2000; Milton 2000) |
cohesive group movements in large swarms of insects (Buhl et al. 2006), shoals of fishes (Ward et al. 2008), flocks of birds (Wallraff 1978; Simons 2004) or herds of ungulates (Prins 1996) |
group activity synchronization (Conradt 1998; Ruckstuhl 1998, 1999) |
nest-site choice in eusocial insects (Seeley & Buhrman 1999; Franks et al. 2009) and bats (Kerth et al. 2006) |
coordination of cooperative hunts (Courchamp et al. 2002) |
coordination of reproduction (Clutton-Brock 1998) |
equally shared |
group flight from potential predators |