Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by gender and GFR
| Characteristic | CKD Status (eGFR Measured in ml/min per 1.73 m2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 1295)
|
Women (n = 1752)
|
|||||
| <60 (n = 399) | ≥60 (n = 896) | P for Difference | <60 (n = 457) | ≥60 (n = 1297) | P for Difference | |
| Age (yr; mean ± SD) | 70.8 ± 9.2 | 63.6 ± 8.6 | <0.001 | 72.5 ± 9.0 | 63.6 ± 8.7 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg; mean ± SD) | 148.1 ± 21.1 | 146.0 ± 21.1 | <0.001 | 152.7 ± 24.3 | 146.1 ± 21.1 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg; mean ± SD) | 84.3 ± 10.9 | 83.1 ± 9.6 | 0.240 | 83.7 ± 10.0 | 83.1 ± 9.6 | 0.280 |
| Alcohol consumption (standard drinks/d; n [%]) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 1 to 2 | 206 (51.6) | 409 (45.6) | 216 (47.8) | 663 (50.9) | ||
| 3 to 4 | 49 (12.3) | 178 (19.9) | 23 (5.1) | 100 (7.7) | ||
| 5 to 8 | 25 (6.3) | 81 (9.0) | 1 (0.2) | 16 (1.2) | ||
| ≥9 | 7 (1.8) | 34 (3.8) | 2 (0.4) | 8 (0.6) | ||
| Previous or current smoking (n [%]) | 282 (70.7) | 576 (64.3) | 0.080 | 171 (37.8) | 501 (38.5) | 0.120 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2; mean ± SD) | 26.7 ± 4.0 | 26.0 ± 4.9 | 0.004 | 26.2 ± 4.9 | 26.1 ± 4.8 | 0.670 |
| Diabetes (n [%]) | 36 (9.0) | 55 (6.1) | 0.140 | 32 (7.1) | 60 (4.6) | 0.120 |
| Acute coronary syndrome (n [%]) | 75 (18.8) | 82 (9.2) | <0.001 | 51 (11.3) | 57 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| Sun-related skin damage (n [%]) | 177 (44.4) | 266 (29.7) | <0.001 | 116 (25.7) | 201 (15.4) | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L; mean ± SD) | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 0.380 | 5.3 ± 1.8 | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 0.003 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L; mean ± SD) | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 5.7 ± 1.1 | 0.820 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 0.008 |
| Tertiary education | 237 (59.4) | 564 (63.8) | 0.440 | 204 (45.1) | 691 (53.1) | 0.007 |
| eGFR (mmol/min per 1.73 m2; n [%]) | ||||||
| <20 | 2 (0.15) | – | 1 (0.06) | – | ||
| 20 to 39 | 33 (2.6) | – | 45 (2.6) | – | ||
| 40 to 59 | 364 (28.1) | – | 406 (23.2) | – | ||
| 60 to 79 | – | 789 (60.9) | – | 1130 (64.4) | ||
| 80 to 89 | – | 101 (7.8) | – | 168 (9.6) | ||
| ≥90 | – | 6 (0.5) | – | 4 (0.2) | ||
| Serum creatinine concentration (mmol/L; n [%]) | ||||||
| 40 to 89 | – | 124 (13.8) | – | 870 (66.8) | ||
| 90 to 104 | – | 480 (53.6) | 179 (39.6) | 432 (33.2) | ||
| 105 to 119 | 160 (40.1) | 292 (32.6) | 173 (38.3) | – | ||
| 120 to 134 | 150 (37.6) | – | 53 (11.7) | – | ||
| 135 to 375 | 89 (22.3) | – | 47 (10.4) | – | ||