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The CAD enzyme and its role in the monolignol biosynthetic pathway. A, CAD catalyzes the conversion of cinnamyl aldehydes to alcohols using NADPH as its cofactor. p-Coumaryl aldehyde and alcohol, R1 and R2 = H; caffeoyl aldehyde and alcohol, R1 and R2 = OH; coniferyl aldehyde and alcohol, R1 = H and R2 = OCH3; sinapyl aldehyde and alcohol, R1 and R2 = OCH3. B, A simplified model of the lignin biosynthetic pathway where CAD catalyzes the final step in monolignol biosynthesis.
