TABLE 2.

Cost-of-Illness Estimates for Fatal Diseases and Osteoarthritis

Disease	PAR	Direct (Medical) Costs, in billionsa	Indirect Costs, in billions (lost wages, fringe benefits, home production)b
1. Circulatory disease, ages 25 to 64	7.5%	$3.09	$2.35
	(5% to 10%)	($2.06 to $4.12)	($1.56 to $3.13)
2. Pneumoconiosis, including asbestos, silicosis, and byssinosis	100%	$0.06	$0.22
3. Cancer, including mesothelioma	8%	$4.45	$5.84
	(6% to 10%)	($3.34 to $5.56)	($4.38 to $7.30)
4. Respiratory disease, including COPD and asthma	10%	$3.04	$1.93
	(5% to 20%)	($1.52 to $6.08)	($0.97 to $3.86)
5. Infectious, contagious diseases	0	0	0
6. Silicosis included in item 2	—	—	—
7. All other diseases for workers’ compensation lists (including AIDS and mental illness)	0	0	0
8. Renal (kidney) disease	2%	$0.10	$0.15
	(1% to 3%)	($.05 to $.15)	($0.07 to $0.22)
9. Nervous system disorders	2%	$0.09	$0.10
	(1% to 3%)	($0.05 to $0.14)	($0.05 to $0.15)
10. Other pneumoconioses included in item 2	—	—	—
11. Osteoarthritisc	9.4%	$4.52	$4.28
	(5% to 15%)	($2.41 to $7.22)	($2.27 to $6.82)
12. Total with point estimate		$15.35	$14.87
13. Lower bound		$9.49	$9.52
14. Upper bound		$24.73	$21.70

^aCalculations appear in the unpublished appendix, tables 2 through 9.

^bCalculations appear in the unpublished appendix, tables 2 through 9.

^cICD-9 code is 715. Age range is all ages, but osteoarthritis is rare under age 30. See Leigh, Seavey, and Leistikow 2001.