TABLE 1.

Health Insurance and Job Turnover

Study	Key Findings
Mitchell 1982	No effect of health insurance (HI) on job change or job departure.
Monheit and Cooper 1993	Employment-based HI reduces turnover by 25% for married women, 38% for married men, 29% for single men, and 30% for single women. Being likely to gain employment-based HI as a result of turnover increases turnover by 28% to 52%; being likely to lose HI as a result of turnover reduces turnover by 23% to 39%. The effect of health conditions on turnover varies in sign and significance with condition.
Madrian 1994b	Employment-based health insurance reduces turnover by 25% to 30% when identified by spousal health insurance, by 32% to 54% when identified from family size, and by 30% to 71% when identified from pregnancy.
Gruber and Madrian 1994	One year of continuation coverage increases job turnover by 10%.
Holtz-Eakin 1994	No effect of employment-based HI on job turnover.
Penrod 1995	Little evidence supporting an effect of health insurance on job departure.
Buchmueller and Valletta 1996	Employment-based health insurance reduces turnover by 35% to 59% for married men, 37% to 53% for married women, 18% to 33% for single men, and 35% for single women. Among those with employment-based health insurance, spousal coverage increases turnover by 26% to 31% for married men and 34% to 38% for married women.
Anderson 1997	Employment-based HI reduces job mobility for those for whom losing coverage would be costly. Lack of employment-based HI increases mobility for those who would benefit most by having it.
Slade 1997	Individuals who change jobs frequently are less likely to be employed in jobs with HI. On job change, the effect of the availability of and the demand for HI is sensitive to empirical specification.
Kapur 1998	There is no significant or substantive impact of health insurance on job departure.

Note: These studies were reviewed in Currie and Madrian 1999, 3394–7.