TABLE 7.
Impact on Hospital Use
| Study | Percentage of Users (T-C) | Average Number of Total Days per Capita (T-C) |
|---|---|---|
| Chicagoa | − 19.8%* | − 1.5 |
| Section 222 Day Careb,c,d | − 14.0∼ | − 3.0 |
| Acute Strokee | − 5.5* | − 2.0∼ |
| Wisconsin CCO/Milwaukeef | − 5.4 | − 8.7*# |
| On Lokg | − 5.1∼ | − 0.7∼ |
| Home Health Care Teamh | − 5.1∼ | − 3.1∼ |
| Project OPENb,i | − 4.1 | − 1.9∼ |
| New York City Home Carej | − 3.0∼ | − 3.7∼ |
| Channeling Basick | − 2.0 # | 0.5 # |
| San Diegob | − 0.4 | − 0.6 |
| Channeling Financialk | 1.6 # | − 1.2 # |
| Section 222 Homemakerb,c,d | 4.0 # | 2.0 |
| ACCESS Medicare/Medicaidl | 4.1∼ | − 47.0*# |
| South Carolinam | 5.5 # | − 2.0 # |
| Triagen | 8.0∼ | 4.0∼ |
| Highland Heights | 8.8* | − 0.5 |
| Continued Careo | 9.6* | 0.0∼ |
| ACCESS Medicare/Private Payb,l | 18.6∼ | − 17.5*# |
| BRH Home Aide | — | − 4.6 |
| Post-Hospital Supportp | — | − 4.4* |
| Alarm Responseq | — | − 0.3* |
| Worcesterr | — | − 0.0 |
| Chronic Diseases | — | 0.6 # |
| Nursing Home without Walls Downstatet | — | 1.4 # |
| Congestive Heart Failureu | — | 2.0∼ |
| Georgia | — | 2.0 |
| Nursing Home without Walls Upstatet | — | 2.8 # |
Note: Numbers in the table reflect treatment-control-group differences in hospital use during the first year after entry to the study. First-year data were not reported by some projects. For these, first-year use was estimated from project data whenever possible. Percentage of users was estimated based on the assumption that the time between study entry and when a given subject enters a hospital follows an exponential distribution. Such a representation is suggested by DeGroot (1975). Key to symbols: “a” to “u” superscripts refer to table notes located in Appendix B. “T-C” indicates the control-group average was subtracted from the treatment-group average. “*” indicates the treatment-control-group difference was statistically significant at the 5 percent level. “∼” indicates the statistical significance of the treatment-control-group difference was not reported. The results of statistical significance tests are from tests conducted by project evaluators (e.g., on an observed 6-month difference), not by the authors on an estimate of a 12-month difference. “#” indicates the statistical significance of the treatment-control-group difference was assessed using multivariate techniques to control or adjust for baseline characteristics. Adjusted estimates are presented whenever reported. “—” indicates data were not available.