TABLE 5.

Program Characteristics Influencing Risk-Adjusted Health Outcomes

	Mortality (Time to Death within 12 Months from Enrollment: Relative Hazard)a	Change in ADLs within 3 Months from Enrollmentb	Change in ADLs within 12 Months from Enrollmentb	Self-Assessed Health at 3 Months after Enrollmentb	Self-Assessed Health at 12 Months after Enrollmentb
I. Financial factors	NSc	S	S	NS	NS
1. Percentage of participant		−0.212**	−0.533**
time under full capitation
2. Freestanding site		−0.211**	−0.372**
II. Personnel	NS	S	S	NS	NS
1. Number of
disciplines at451
care meetings		0.043*	−0.451*
2. Ethnic overlap between
participants and
nonprofessional staff		−0.023**	−0.017*
3. Medical director with
geriatric training		−0.275**	−0.319**
4. Medical director
with only administrative
responsibilities		0.207**
5. Percent FTE of
medical director			−0.004**
III. Practice variables	S	S	S	NS	S
1. Total FTEs per 100 enrollees					−0.519**
2. Ratio of professional
FTEs to nonprofessional FTEs	0.989**		1.009**
3. Specialty concentration			0.006*		0.005**
4. Service concentration	0.956**	0.015*	0.029**		1.013**
5. Separate dementia program		0.194**
6. Propensity to hospitalize		0.210**	0.233*
7. Team effectiveness			−0.011**
IV. Case mix	NS	S	S	NS	S
1. Median ADL			−0.257**
2. Variation in ADLs			0.495*
3. Percentage of participants
with middle ADLs		1.746**	4.103**
4. Percentage of participants
with late ADLs			1.231**
5. Average number of diagnoses					−0.032**
6. Concentration in diagnoses			0.002*
7. Percentage of participants
with dementia		−0.726	−3.028**
8. Percentage of participants
living alone		0.854*			0.412**
V. Program size	NS	S	S	NS	NS
1. Participants (in 100s)		−0.079**	−0.124**
VI. Program age	NS	S	S	S	S
1. At time of enrollment		−0.042**	−0.059**	−0.013*	−0.016**

^aCoefficient values below 1 indicate that the program characteristic is associated with lower mortality.

^bNegative coefficient values indicate better functional and self-assessed health outcomes.

^cS and NS denote significant or not significant association of the whole category at the 0.05 level, as shown in Table 4.

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01. Variables that were listed in Table 2 and not included here were not significantly associated with any of the outcomes.