TABLE 2.

Forms of Economic Integration

Recruitment of Physicians	Part-Time Compensation	Shared Risks and Gains		Leases	Participating Bond Transactions	Service Lines	Equity Joint Ventures	Aggregation and Concentration	Employment	Outsourcing and Sale of Service
• Location assistance and relocation expense • Startup support: e.g., salary guarantee • Support for group practice growth: incubator model, temporary employment • Liability coverage assistance	• Medical directorships • Department and program chairs • Management contracts • On-call contracts • Medical executive positions (CMOs, VPMAs) • Professional service agreements • Exclusive coverage contracts	• PHO/IPA risk contracts with payers • Bonus/ withhold contracts with employers • Pay-for- performance contracts • Payer “guarantees” • Physician hospital organizations (PHOs) • Management services organizations (MSOs) • Independent practitioner associations (IPAs)	• Supply chain management programs • DRG-specific bundled payments • Hospital provision of in-kind services for cost savings	• Equipment leases • Time-share leases • Block leases	• Subordinated debt issued to physicians	• Centers of excellence • Clinical institutes • Patient unit models	• Ambulatory surgery centers • Diagnostic imaging centers • Hospital-in-a-hospital • Procedure labs • Medical office buildings • Specialty hospitals • Retail clinics • Product line centers	• Group practice formation • Concentration of inpatient volume • Hospital-based physicians	• Practice acquisition • Salaried employment • Foundation model • Hospitalists • Interentity transfers and funds flow models	• Syndicate hospital ownership and management to physicians