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The effect of changing the sign of the within-year covariances on the association between cohort generation length and average fitness with no serial correlation. Pluses represent positive within covariances, asterisks represent no correlation and circles represent negative correlations. (a) Circles: ρ<0, ξ=0; asterisks: ρ=0, ξ=0; pluses: ρ>0, ξ=0. (b) Circles: ξ<0, ρ=0; asterisks: ξ=0, ρ=0; pluses: ξ>0, ρ=0.
