Table 3.

Joint Consideration of Biomarkers in Relation to the Ankle-brachial Index and Clinical Peripheral Arterial Disease

	Global P*	Stepwise Selection Biomarker†	Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)‡	p-value
ABI¶	0.01	Interleukin-6	1.21 (1.06, 1.38)	0.005
		TNFR2	1.19 (1.05, 1.36)	0.009
Intermittent Claudication or Lower	0.02	Interleukin-6	1.36 (1.06, 1.74)	0.02
Extremity Revascularization		TNFR2	1.31 (1.04, 1.64)	0.02

^*A simultaneous test of whether at least one of the 12 biomarkers were related to PAD (PAD is the dependent variable).

Covariates in multivariable model include age, sex, current cigarette smoking, number of pack-years of cigarette smoking, diabetes, fasting glucose, body mass index, waist circumference, total to HDL cholesterol ratio, fasting triglyceride, lipid lowering treatment, hypertension, aspirin use (≥3 per week), prevalent cardiovascular disease (excluding intermittent claudication), and hormone replacement therapy use (women only).

^†Individual biomarkers significantly related to PAD after forward stepwise selection (PAD is the dependent variable) are displayed.

^‡Point estimate indicates relative change in odds of PAD (ABI level or presence versus absence of intermittent claudication or lower extremity revascularization) per 1-standard deviation increment in log-marker (1-standard deviation increment is 0.71 for log Interleukin-6 and 0.30 for log TNFR2).

^¶The ABI was categorized as follows: <0.9, 0.9 to 1.0, >1.0.