Table 4.
Longitudinal Associations of Repeated Measures of Mean Weekly Working Hours at Phases 3 and 5 with Incident Sleep Disturbances at Phase 7
| Phase 3 and 5 | N / n of cases(%) |
Model IOR (95% CI)a |
Model IIOR (95% CI)b |
Model IIIOR (95% CI)c |
Model IVOR (95% CI)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean working hours | |||||
| Short sleep ( < 7 hours) | |||||
| 35–40 | 325/ 58 (17.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 41–55 | 525/ 122 (23.2) | 1.64 (1.11–2.41) | 1.64 (1.11–2.41) | 1.62 (1.09–2.41) | 1.55 (1.03–2.33) |
| > 55 | 36/ 12 (33.3) | 3.24 (1.45–7.27) | 3.26 (1.46–7.31) | 2.97 (1.30–6.77) | 2.80 (1.20–6.53) |
| Linear trende | 886/ 192 | 1.64 (1.21–2.23) | 1.64 (1.21–2.23) | 1.60 (1.17–2.19) | 1.56 (1.13–2.16) |
| Difficulty in falling asleep | |||||
| 35–40 | 488/ 18 (3.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 41–55 | 937/ 37 (4.0) | 1.63 (0.88–3.00) | 1.67 (0.90–3.09) | 1.62 (0.87–3.01) | 1.72 (0.91–3.25) |
| > 55 | 85/ 9 (10.6) | 6.66 (2.64–16.83) | 7.24 (2.82–18.54) | 6.82 (2.66-17.48) | 7.94 (2.97–21.25) |
| Linear trende | 1,510/ 64 | 1.92 (1.31–2.82) | 1.97 (1.33–2.91) | 1.94 (1.32–2.86) | 2.06 (1.37–3.08) |
| Frequent waking | |||||
| 35–40 | 390/ 80 (20.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 41–55 | 750/ 166 (22.1) | 1.08 (0.78–1.49) | 1.08 (0.78–1.49) | 1.04 (0.75–1.44) | 0.99 (0.71–1.39) |
| > 55 | 63/ 15 (23.8) | 1.17 (0.60–2.25) | 1.16 (0.60–2.25) | 1.10 (0.57–2.13) | 1.04 (0.53–2.03) |
| Linear trende | 1,203/ 261 | 1.05 (0.83–1.34) | 1.05 (0.82–1.33) | 1.02 (0.80–1.31) | 0.99 (0.77–1.28) |
| Early waking | |||||
| 35–40 | 419/ 55 (13.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 41–55 | 819/ 118 (14.4) | 1.26 (0.87–1.82) | 1.26 (0.87–1.82) | 1.28 (0.88–1.85) | 1.22 (0.83–1.80) |
| > 55 | 74/ 16 (21.6) | 2.23 (1.16–4.31) | 2.30 (1.19–4.46) | 2.16 (1.11–4.19) | 2.03 (1.03–4.02) |
| Linear trende | 1,312/ 189 | 1.26 (0.97–1.63) | 1.26 (0.97–1.64) | 1.25 (0.97–1.62) | 1.20 (0.92–1.58) |
| Waking without feeling refreshed | |||||
| 35–40 | 424/ 39 (9.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 41–55 | 800/ 87 (10.9) | 1.48 (0.96–2.28) | 1.48 (0.96–2.28) | 1.49 (0.96–2.31) | 1.41 (0.90–2.21) |
| > 55 | 75/ 8 (10.7) | 1.85 (0.79–4.34) | 1.87 (0.80–4.39) | 1.84 (0.78–4.35) | 1.71 (0.71–4.09) |
| Linear trende | 1,299/ 134 | 1.33 (0.98–1.81) | 1.33 (0.97–1.81) | 1.33 (0.98–1.82) | 1.28 (0.93–1.77) |
a
Model I: Adjusted for age, sex, marital status, occupational grade, and education;
b
Model II: Adjusted for Model I + chronic illness;
c
Model III: Adjusted for Model I + exercise level, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol use;
d
Model IV: Adjusted for Model I, II, III, and job demands;
e
Working hours entered into the model as a continuous variable (per 10-hour increase)