Table 1.
Pain Severity by Socio-demographic and Health Characteristics
| Characteristics | No Pain | Mild Pain | Moderate Pain | Severe Pain |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n (%) | 263 (35.4) | 261 (35.1) | 136 (18.3) | 84 (11.3) |
| Age, M ± SD* | 82.1 ± 4.6 | 82.1 ± 4.5 | 82.1 ± 4.2 | 80.6 ± 3.4 |
| Gender, n (%)‡ | ||||
| Male | 115 (42.4) | 99 (36.5) | 43 (15.9) | 14 (5.2) |
| Female | 148 (31.3) | 162 (34.3) | 93 (19.7) | 70 (14.8) |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||
| Married | 115 (37.0) | 107 (34.4) | 55 (17.7) | 34 (10.9) |
| Not married | 148 (34.2) | 154 (35.6) | 81 (18.7) | 50 (11.6) |
| Education§, M ± SD* | 5.5 ± 4.0 | 5.0 ± 3.9 | 5.0 ± 3.9 | 4.2 ± 3.3 |
| Comorbidity¶, M ± SD‡ | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 1.6 | 3.9 ± 1.8 | 4.6 ± 1.7 |
| Body Mass Index, M ± SD* | 27.1 ± 4.7 | 27.2 ± 4.9 | 27.4 ± 5.3 | 28.8 ± 5.4 |
| Cognitive Status, M ± SD | 21.8 ± 3.9 | 21.3 ± 3.7 | 21.5 ± 4.3 | 21.2 ± 3.6 |
| ADL Disability, M ± SD‡ | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 1.6 | 1.1 ± 1.5 |
| IADL Disability, M ± SD‡ | 1.8 ± 2.4 | 2.6 ± 2.5 | 3.5 ± 2.8 | 3.8 ± 2.4 |
| SPPB, M ± SD‡ | 7.4 ± 2.9 | 6.7 ± 2.9 | 5.9 ± 2.9 | 5.5 ± 2.8 |
| Depressive symptoms, M ± SD‡ | 4.7 ± 6.5 | 7.2 ± 7.0 | 9.9 ± 7.68 | 13.3 ± 11.1 |
| Physical Frailty, n (%)‡ | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.3 |
Note: Scale ranges: Comorbidity, 0–9; Body Mass Index, 13.3–48.9; Cognitive Status (MMSE), 0–26; ADL Disability, 0–7; IADL Disability, 0–10; SPPB, 1–12; Depressive Symptomatology (CESD), 0–49; Physical Frailty, 0–5).
*
p <.05
†
p <.01
‡
p <.001
§
Total years of schooling
¶
Total number of 14 chronic conditions
Chi-square and ANOVA statistics used to test differences across pain ratings.
ADL = Activities of daily living
IADL = Instrumental activities of daily living
SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery