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In oral epithelium of embryo, RUNX3 is expressed and may be induced by some signaling pathways such as BMP/TGF-ß, Shh and FGF. After birth, RUNX3 may be methylated of its promoter and/or transcriptional repression in oral epithelial cells. RUNX3 may be caused by demethylation or transcriptional modulation during cancer development. In aggressive HNSCC, unknown stimulation may enhance RUNX3 expression.
